Seasonal variation in exposure level of types A and B ultraviolet radiation: An environmental skin carcinogen

Abstract

Background:The main source of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, affecting organs such as the skin, eyes, and immune system. According to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) reports, the amount of UVR reaching the Earth's surface is increasing yearly and is responsible for an increase in solar radiation-related diseases.Aims:To investigate the amount of UVR reaching the Earth's surface and understand the risk of UVR on disease among outdoor laborers in one of the central provinces of Iran.Materials and Methods:Arak city was divided into two geographic areas, and the weekly measurement of UVR was done in three locations) asphalt, grass and rooftop). To measure UVR, Hanger UV spectrometer, standard deviation (SD8-A), and SD8-B detectors were used. Amounts of UVR for a consecutive year and varying weather conditions were measured. Finally, values obtained were compared to ACGIH standards.Results:The minimum and maximum levels of UV type A radiation occurred in April 1.27 (0.724) W/m2 and September 7.147 (4.128) W/m2, these figures for UV type B were in March–April 0.005 (0.003) and September 0.083 (0.077). The maximum UVR is received between 11 and 15 o’clock.Conclusions:In the central cities of Iran, the minimum and maximum UV type A and B is received in March–April and in September, respectively. Based on the results, the angular position of the sun in the sky, cloud cover, and height from ground level affected the amount of UVR received, but the geographic locations studied did not.

Pigmented self-cleaning coatings with enhanced UV resilience via the limitation of photocatalytic activity and its effects

“…6 μL water droplets were dispensed from a 30 gauge dispensing tip positioned 20 mm above the substrate surface. 31 Initially a WCA of 162°± 2 was observed, which was rapidly reduced to 4°± 6 after a short period (90 minutes) of irradiation. This transition was also tracked using FTIR, where a reduction in the intensity of peaks representative of FAS could be seen (see ESI †).…”

Influence of ZnO, SiO2 and TiO2 on the aging process of PLA fibers produced by electrospinning method

“…The presence of ozone could accelerate degradation of PLA nonwoven. The equivalent of exposure time to UV radiation was calculated from the average exposure the Earth to Sun's UV radiation (62 W m −2 [27,28]). One hour in the aging chamber equals 5645 h of exposure to solar radiation, assuming that the Sun shines continuously and all UV irradiation reaches the Earth's surface.…”

Photodermatosis and high UV index in Jorhat (north east India) due to single time zone: A study

“…The total sample size was 1000 cases. Data were collected by means of pretested questionnaire design 4,5 by the investigator himself using the personal interview technique.…”

“…The total sample size was 1000 cases. Data were collected by means of pretested questionnaire design 4,5 by the investigator himself using the personal interview technique. The questionnaire included all the patient demographic data (name, age, gender, and employment status, etc), questions about their job profile, working hours, and environment, diagnosis of the presenting disease condition and the duration of lesions, fresh lesions or precipitation of lesions after moving to this area, and the effectiveness of sunscreen on the lesions.…”