Seasonal variation in fatty acid profile in the milk of different species under popularly followed feeding system in India

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the seasonal variation in fatty acid profile in the milk of different species during summer and winter seasons. Samples were collected in months of summer and winter. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) content (g/100g of fat) was 13-14% higher in summer than winter in all species. Total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration (g/100g fat) were 10-12%, 3-4%, 30-40% respectively and, higher in winter than summer. MUFA, PUFA and CLA were considerably altered among seasons and species. It was concluded that PUFA and CLA in milk of different species increased during winter season than summer and this may be attributed to the seasonal availability of green fodder.

Comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles in indigenous cattle breeds: A comprehensive evaluation

“…Total SFA's in the present study ranged between 55-65g/100g. These results are also in accordance with Saroj et al [19] . Medium and long chain saturated fatty acids, i.e., myristic, palmatic, and stearic, and long chain unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., oleic acid.…”

“…C 16:0 and C 18:1 were the highest among all fatty acids across the various breeds of indigenous cattle with the highest C 16:0 in Gir and high C 18:1 in Tharparkar. These results are favoured by Saroj et al [19] . It is also observed from the present study that 3-5% of TFA comprises PUFA in milk in all the breeds.…”

“…Tharparkar milk's higher PUFA content, particularly linoleic acid and linolenic acid, may provide health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects [21] . However, the overall lower PUFA content in all three breeds warrants further investigation to optimize the nutritional quality of milk and dairy products [19] . Milk and its products are one of the most nutritious in the human diet.…”

“…Conversely, the higher proportions of medium-chain fatty acids, including lauric acid (C 12:0 ) and myristic acid (C 14:0 ), in Gir milk may contribute to enhanced antimicrobial and metabolic effects [18] . Palmitic acid (C 16:0 ), a predominant saturated fatty acid (SFA), was found in higher proportions in Gir milk compared to Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds (p< 0.05) [19] . Conversely, Tharparkar milk had the lowest content of palmitic acid.…”

“…According to a study conducted by Saroj et al [19] , variations in the fatty acid composition of different species occur due to different seasons. Results of the present study for C 6:0 , C 8:0 , C 10:0 , C 12:0 , and C 14:0 for all species are similar to Saroj et al [19] . Total SFA's in the present study ranged between 55-65g/100g.…”