SEASONAL VARIATION IN HEPATIC MICROSOMAL OXIDATIVE METABOLISM <i>IN VITRO</i> AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN A FLOCK OF SHEEP

Seawright, A. A.; Steele, D. P.; Menrath, R E

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1972.tb02304.x

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…A number of studies have demonstrated that eucalyptus leaves, the oil and the major active principle, eucalyptol, can all induce microsomal enzyme activity in both in vitro and in vivo tests (JORI et al 1969;SEAWRIGHT et al 1972). However, there have not been any recorded interactions between eucalyptus and orthodox drugs at the clinical level.…”

Section: F Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Drug Interactions

Amidon¹,

D’Arcy²,

McElnay³

et al. 1996

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

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softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 PrefaceOver the years a number of excellent books have classified and detailed drugdrug interactions into their respective categories, e.g. interactions at plasma protein binding sites; those altering intestinal absorption or bioavailability; those involving hepatic metabolising enzymes; those involving competition or antagonism for receptor sites, and drug interactions modifying excretory mechanisms. Such books have presented extensive tables of interactions and their management. Although of considerable value to clinicians, such publications have not, however, been so expressive about the individual mechanisms that underlie these interactions.It is within this sphere of "mechanisms" that this present volume specialises. It deals with mechanisms of in vitro and in vivo, drug-drug, drugfood and drug-herbals interactions and those that cause drugs to interfere with diagnostic laboratory tests. We believe that an explanation of the mechanisms of such interactions will enable practitioners to understand more fully the nature of the interactions and thus enable them to manage better their clinical outcome.If mechanisms of interactions are better understood, then it may be possible for the researcher to develop meaningful animal/biochemical/tissue culture or physicochemical models to which new molecules could be exposed during their development stages. The present position, which largely relies on patients experiencing adverse interactions before they can be established or documented, can hardly be regarded as satisfactory.This present volume is classified into two major parts; firstly, pharmacokinetic drug interactions and, secondly, pharmacodynamic drug interactions. Within these parts, we have been fortunate to enlist the help of acknowledged experts in preparing specific chapters focusing on aspects of the interaction spectrum.We believe that this volume will add much to that which is currently known about drug interactions and will directly enhance the safer use of medicines.

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Section: F Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Drug Interactions

Amidon¹,

D’Arcy²,

McElnay³

et al. 1996

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

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Toxic substances in the food of animals: Some recent findings of australian poisonous plant investigations

Seawright

Hrdlicka

Lee

et al. 1982

J of Applied Toxicology

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Some of the more interesting and significant recent Australian studies of plant toxins are those dealing with furanosesquiterpenoid essential oils, irritant diterpene esters, thiaminase I, trihydroxyindolizidine, carboxyatractyloside and oxalates. Furanosesquiterpenes, found mainly in Myoporum spp., require activation by microsomal mixed-function oxygenases in order to produce injury in the tissues in which they accumulate. One such compound isolated from M. deserti, deisopropylngaione, causes necrotizing lesions in the liver, kidney and lung. The native pteridophyte Marsilea drummondii contains thiaminase I at such a high level of activity that it can cause clinical thiamine deficiency in adult sheep which graze it at times of the year when it is growing profusely. Potent diterpene esters (which have been found t o be potent cocarcinogens in mice) are to be found in thymelaeaceous plants such as Pimelea spp. One such compound, simplexin, also causes marked contraction of vascular smooth muscle, giving rise to the cardiopulmonary and hepatic circulatory disorder in cattle, known as St. George Disease. Carboxyatractyloside has recently been found to be the toxin in Xanthium spp. The compound is a hypoglycaemic agent, an inhibitor of mitochondria1 oxidative phosphorylation and causes acute liver necrosis. Swainsona spp. contain the a-mannosidase inhibitor trihydroxyindolizidine. Consumption of the plants by animals results in the typical lysosomal storage disease a-mannosidosis. Oxalate or acid oxalate ions in plants normally cause toxicity per se in grazing animals, but when present in low levels in various native and introduced grasses eaten by horses, they can produce negative calcium balance and secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism within several months. 0 Heyden The constituents of Australian Pimelea simplex I. The isolation and structure of the toxin of Pimelea simplex and P. trichostochya Form B responsible for St. George Disease of cattle. Aust. J. Chem.,

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