Seasonal Variation in Sensitivity of Larval Sea Lampreys to the Lampricide 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐Nitrophenol

Scholefield, Ronald J.; Slaght, Karen S.; Stephens, Brian E.

doi:10.1577/m06-178.1

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Determination of the acute toxicity of TFM to larval sea lampreys.-Because TFM toxicity to larval sea lampreys is strongly influenced by differences in water pH and alkalinity (McDonald and Kolar 2007) and the time of year (Scholefield et al 2008), acute toxicity tests were initially run to determine the 12 h-LC50 and 12 h-LC99.9 of TFM in the same well water described above. After a 12-h overnight acclimation period, the sea lampreys (N = 35) were distributed in groups of five to one of seven darkened, well-aerated buckets containing 10 L of well water.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Larval Sea Lampreys from Short‐Term Exposure to the Pesticide 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐Nitrophenol: Implications for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes

et al. 2012

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For over 50 years, invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus populations have been controlled in the Great Lakes using the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), which is applied to streams containing larval sea lampreys. The specificity of TFM is due to the sea lamprey's relative inability to detoxify it using glucuronidation; this inability causes death by interfering with the production of ATP, the main energy currency of cells. TFM treatments typically last 12 h, but given the sea lamprey's relative inability to detoxify TFM we predicted that TFM-induced homeostatic disturbances and toxicity would occur following shorter periods of exposure. Accordingly, we exposed larval sea lampreys to the 12-h LC99.9 (i.e., the concentration lethal to 99.9% of the test subjects over 12 h) of TFM for 4 or 6 h and monitored the survival and replenishment of energy stores and metabolite concentrations in surviving sea lampreys over a 24-h depuration period. Minimal mortality (∼20%) was observed during the post-TFM recovery, despite respective 50% and 70% reductions in brain and liver ATP, 70-90% decreases in brain phosphocreatine (PCr), and 30-50% reductions in brain and liver glycogen with corresponding increases in lactate. While relatively resistant to TFM, muscle still underwent a 55% decline in PCr. However, energy stores and metabolites returned to preexposure levels 4-12 h after TFM exposure. We conclude that sea lampreys can rapidly restore homeostasis following shorter-term TFM exposure. The resilience of sea lampreys to shorter-term TFM exposure suggests that there is no merit in reducing TFM treatment times from 12 h, which could lead to "treatment residuals" that survive lampricide treatments. This capacity to reverse TFM-induced perturbations also suggests that larvae seen emerging from the stream substrate late in a treatment, or that find refuge near streambanks or in isolated pools, could be another source of treatment residuals, leading to increased sea lamprey parasitism of sport and commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes.

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Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Larval Sea Lampreys from Short‐Term Exposure to the Pesticide 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐Nitrophenol: Implications for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes

et al. 2012

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“…A substantial new insight revealed by our work is the apparent seasonal change in the toxicity of TFM and niclosamide mixtures in stream treatments (Figure 3). A seasonal effect was previously suspected: Scholefield, Slaght, and Stephens (2008) found that some larval sea lamprey captured from the wild during April and May were more sensitive to TFM than those captured during July through September. The concave seasonal pattern of the streamside residuals has clear implications for ongoing stream treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multilevel Empirical Bayes Modeling for Improved Estimation of Toxicant Formulations to Suppress Parasitic Sea Lamprey in the Upper Great Lakes

et al. 2011

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SummaryEstimation of extreme quantal-response statistics, such as the concentration required to kill 99.9% of test subjects (LC99.9), remains a challenge in the presence of multiple covariates and complex study designs. Accurate and precise estimates of the LC99.9 for mixtures of toxicants is critical to ongoing control of a parasitic invasive species, the sea lamprey, in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. The toxicity of those chemicals is affected by local and temporal variations in water chemistry, which must be incorporated into the modeling. We develop multilevel empirical Bayes models for data from multiple laboratory studies. Our approach yields more accurate and precise estimation of the LC99.9 compared to alternative models considered. This study demonstrates that properly incorporating hierarchical structure in laboratory data yields better estimates of LC99.9 stream treatment values that are critical to larvae control in the field. In addition, out-of-sample prediction of the results of in situ tests reveals the presence of a latent seasonal effect not manifest in the laboratory studies, suggesting avenues for future study and illustrating the importance of dual consideration of both experimental and observational data.

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“…Concentration of Pseudomonas sp. treatment resulting in 50% larval mortality (LC50) and 90% larval mortality (LC90) was calculated by Probit analysis with Abbot's modification using 'ecotox' package (Scholefield et al, 2008) in R (R Core Team, 2020).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serratia marcescens secretes proteases and chitinases with larvicidal activity against Anopheles dirus

et al. 2020

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Vector control, the most efficient tool to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission, has been compromised by the rise of insecticide resistance. Recent studies suggest the potential of mosquito-associated microbiota as a source for new biocontrol agents or new insecticidal chemotypes. In this study, we identified a strain of Serratia marcescens that has larvicidal activity against Anopheles dirus, an important malaria vector in Southeast Asia. This bacterium secretes heat-labile larvicidal macromolecules when cultured under static condition at 25°C but not 37°C. Two major protein bands of approximately 55 kDa and 110 kDa were present in spent medium cultured at 25°C but not at 37°C. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses of these two protein bands identified several proteases and chitinases that were previously reported for insecticidal properties against agricultural insect pests. The treatment with protease and chitinase inhibitors led to a reduction in larvicidal activity, confirming that these two groups of enzymes are responsible for the macromolecule's toxicity. Taken together, our results suggest a potential use of these enzymes in the development of larvicidal agents against Anopheles mosquitoes.

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Seasonal Variation in Sensitivity of Larval Sea Lampreys to the Lampricide 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐Nitrophenol

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Recovery of Larval Sea Lampreys from Short‐Term Exposure to the Pesticide 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐Nitrophenol: Implications for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes

Recovery of Larval Sea Lampreys from Short‐Term Exposure to the Pesticide 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐Nitrophenol: Implications for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes

Multilevel Empirical Bayes Modeling for Improved Estimation of Toxicant Formulations to Suppress Parasitic Sea Lamprey in the Upper Great Lakes

Serratia marcescens secretes proteases and chitinases with larvicidal activity against Anopheles dirus

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