Seasonal Variation in Shell Calcification of Planktonic Foraminifera in the NE Atlantic Reveals Species-Specific Response to Temperature, Productivity, and Optimum Growth Conditions

Weinkauf, Manuel F. G.; Kunze, José G.; Waniek, Joanna J; Kučera, Michal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148363

Cited by 49 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Marshall et al (2013), Weinkauf et al (2016) tion was provided by a metal halide lamp (420 W) with an intensity of ∼ 200 µmol photons m −2 s −1 (13 h light : 11 h dark), equivalent to irradiance at 15-20 m depth in the open waters of the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Shaked and Genin, 2006). Every 1-2 days, individuals were transferred to a Petri dish, measured using an optical micrometer under a Zeiss inverted light microscope, and fed a juvenile brine shrimp.…”

Section: Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In open-ocean studies (e.g. sediment trap, core top), SNW measurements are commonly taken from within narrow size ranges to minimise the effect of size-dependent variation in calcification (as discussed in Beer et al, 2010a;Weinkauf et al, 2016). However, normalisation for size effectively assumes that there is no ontogenetic variation in calcification or that all individuals come from the same ontogenetic stage, which is unlikely, particularly when comparing results across different studies.…”

Section: Ontogenetic Modelling Of Calcification Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For size-normalisation of shell weight measurements, we follow the "area density" (ρ A ) approach of Marshall et al (2013), as used elsewhere (Weinkauf et al, 2013(Weinkauf et al, , 2016Marshall et al, 2015;Osborne et al, 2016). From each core-top sample, individual specimens (n = 8-26) of G. ruber sensu stricto and sensu lato were picked from discrete sieve size fractions, imaged (umbilical side up), and weighed, and their cross-sectional or silhouette area determined using Macnification (Orbicule Inc., v2.0).…”

Section: Core-top Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This issue aside, although culture and field studies support a surface carbonate system control on foraminiferal calcification (Bijma et al, 2002;Barker and Elderfield, 2002;Russell et al, 2004;Lombard et al, 2010;Marshall et al, 2013), others have observed secondary environmental controls on SNW such as nutrient availability or temperature (e.g. Aldridge et al, 2012;Weinkauf et al, 2016). Furthermore, other studies have observed an inverse response of SNW to carbonate system change in some species (Beer et al, 2010b;Foster et al, 2013) -that is, a greater test thickness at lower pH and/or ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many later studies circumvented this issue by directly measuring the major axis length (Barker and Elderfield, 2002;Aldridge et al, 2012;Beer et al, 2010a) or cross-sectional area (Beer et al, 2010b;Marshall et al, 2013Marshall et al, , 2015Osborne et al, 2016;Weinkauf et al, 2013Weinkauf et al, , 2016 of each individual within a sampled population. However, as discussed by Weinkauf et al (2016), an assumption common to most shell-weight studies is that SNW metrics themselves do not vary as a function of size -which is unlikely to be true. The predominant model of foraminiferal biomineralisation posits that every time a new chamber is added, foraminifera thicken the calcite of their previous chambers (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-dependent response of foraminiferal calcification to seawater carbonate chemistry

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The response of the marine carbon cycle to changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will be determined, in part, by the relative response of calcifying and non-calcifying organisms to global change. Planktonic foraminifera are responsible for a quarter or more of global carbonate production, therefore understanding the sensitivity of calcification in these organisms to environmental change is critical. Despite this, there remains little consensus as to whether, or to what extent, chemical and physical factors affect foraminiferal calcification. To address this, we directly test the effect of multiple controls on calcification in culture experiments and core-top measurements of Globigerinoides ruber. We find that two factors, body size and the carbonate system, strongly influence calcification intensity in life, but that exposure to corrosive bottom waters can overprint this signal post mortem. Using a simple model for the addition of calcite through ontogeny, we show that variable body size between and within datasets could complicate studies that examine environmental controls on foraminiferal shell weight. In addition, we suggest that size could ultimately play a role in determining whether calcification will increase or decrease with acidification. Our models highlight that knowledge of the specific morphological and physiological mechanisms driving ontogenetic change in calcification in different species will be critical in predicting the response of foraminiferal calcification to future change in atmospheric pCO 2 .

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Section: Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ontogenetic Modelling Of Calcification Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Core-top Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-dependent response of foraminiferal calcification to seawater carbonate chemistry

et al. 2017

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Calcification of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and carbonate ion concentration: Results from the Santa Barbara Basin

et al. 2016

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Planktonic foraminiferal calcification intensity, reflected by shell wall thickness, has been hypothesized to covary with the carbonate chemistry of seawater. Here we use both sediment trap and box core samples from the Santa Barbara Basin to evaluate the relationship between the calcification intensity of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides, measured by area density (µg/µm2), and the carbonate ion concentration of seawater ([CO32−]). We also evaluate the influence of both temperature and nutrient concentration ([PO43−]) on foraminiferal calcification and growth. The presence of two G. bulloides morphospecies with systematically different calcification properties and offset stable isotopic compositions was identified within sampling populations using distinguishing morphometric characteristics. The calcification temperature and by extension calcification depth of the more abundant “normal” G. bulloides morphospecies was determined using δ18O temperature estimates. Calcification depths vary seasonally with upwelling and were used to select the appropriate [CO32−], temperature, and [PO43−] depth measurements for comparison with area density. Seasonal upwelling in the study region also results in collinearity between independent variables complicating a straightforward statistical analysis. To address this issue, we use additional statistical diagnostics and a down core record to disentangle the respective roles of each parameter on G. bulloides calcification. Our results indicate that [CO32−] is the primary variable controlling calcification intensity while temperature influences shell size. We report a modern calibration for the normal G. bulloides morphospecies that can be used in down core studies of well‐preserved sediments to estimate past [CO32−].

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Intraspecific size variation in planktonic foraminifera cannot be consistently predicted by the environment

Rillo

Miller

Kučera

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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The size structure of plankton communities is an important determinant of their functions in marine ecosystems. However, few studies have quantified how organism size varies within species across biogeographical scales. Here, we investigate how planktonic foraminifera, a ubiquitous zooplankton group, vary in size across the tropical and subtropical oceans of the world. Using a recently digitized museum collection, we measured shell area of 3,799 individuals of nine extant species in 53 seafloor sediments. We first analyzed potential size biases in the collection. Then, for each site, we obtained corresponding local values of mean annual sea‐surface temperature (SST), net primary productivity (NPP), and relative abundance of each species. Given former studies, we expected species to reach largest shell sizes under optimal environmental conditions. In contrast, we observe that species differ in how much their size variation is explained by SST, NPP, and/or relative abundance. While some species have predictable size variation given these variables ( Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerinoides conglobatus, Globigerinella siphonifera, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides ), other species show no relationships between size and the studied covariates ( Globigerinoides ruber , Neogloboquadrina dutertrei , Globorotalia menardii, Globoconella inflata ). By incorporating intraspecific variation and sampling broader geographical ranges compared to previous studies, we conclude that shell size variation in planktonic foraminifera species cannot be consistently predicted by the environment. Our results caution against the general use of size as a proxy for planktonic foraminifera environmental optima. More generally, our work highlights the utility of natural history collections and the importance of studying intraspecific variation when interpreting macroecological patterns.

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Seasonal Variation in Shell Calcification of Planktonic Foraminifera in the NE Atlantic Reveals Species-Specific Response to Temperature, Productivity, and Optimum Growth Conditions

Cited by 49 publications

References 66 publications

Size-dependent response of foraminiferal calcification to seawater carbonate chemistry

Size-dependent response of foraminiferal calcification to seawater carbonate chemistry

Calcification of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and carbonate ion concentration: Results from the Santa Barbara Basin

Intraspecific size variation in planktonic foraminifera cannot be consistently predicted by the environment

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