Seasonal Variation of Leaf, Stem and Umbel Ray Essential Oils ofBupleurum gibraltariumLam.

Abstract

The yield and composition of essential oils from leaves, stems, umbel rays and also from whole aerial parts of Bupleurum gibraltarium Lam. (Apiaceae) were determined during the pre-flowering, full flowering, late flowering, and fruiting vegetative periods. A fruit sample was also studied for comparative purposes. Leaves (0.8-1.8% yield) and stems (0.3-0.7%) reached their maximum oil content during the late flowering period, whereas umbel rays (2.2-3.7%) reached it in full flowering. Oil samples were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS: components which were found in amounts greater than 2% were selected to carry out a seasonal study. In the leaf oils, sabinene (12.0-33.9%) and limonene (7.8-23.4%) were the main components, the sabinene level being minimum in full flowering and maximum in fruiting. In stem oils, sabinene (4.7-21.6%) and 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde (9.3-13.6%) were the main components, the sabinene level being minimum in pre-flowering and maximum in full flowering. In umbel ray oils, sabinene (20.7-43.1%) was the first component in all the phenological periods, followed by a-pinene (7.3-28.2%). Both monoterpenes increased their levels in late flowering and reached minimum amounts in fruiting.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from six Apiaceae family taxa against the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens

“…Other studies on EOs of relative Bupleurum plants concern B. gibraltarium Lam. (Fernandez-Ocana et al 2006;Velasco-Negueruela et al 1998) and B. rigidum ssp. paniculatum (Brot.)…”

Essential Oil Composition of Wild Growing Apiaceae from Europe and the Mediterranean

“…Octanol and various octyl esters are the characteristic compounds in the genera Pastinaca, Heracleum and Tordylium. Various trimethyl benzaldehyde isomers have been found in Eryngium species [10,11], Bupleurum gibraltaricum [12,13], Silaum silaus [14] and Ferulago syriaca [15]. Finally, the oil from Bifora radians is composed mainly of aliphatic aldehydes [16].…”

“…B. fruticosum and B. gibraltaricum are shrubs displaying mainly monoterpenes, including α-pinene, sabinene, limonene and others in their oils[87][88][89][90][91]. In B. gibraltaricum also 2,3,4-trimethyl benzaldehyde was found[12,13]. B. prealtum from the Balkans had sesquiterpenes in the oils, whereas B. sibthorpianum contained heptanal as its main oil compound[33].Angelica sylvestris and A. archangelica are the most widespread Angelica species in Europe.…”