Seasonal variation of particle size distributions of PAHs at Seoul, Korea

Lee, Ji Yi; Shin, Hye Jung; Bae, Sung‐Heui; Kim, Yong Pyo; Kang, Chang Hee

doi:10.1007/s11869-008-0002-2

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As well, the shift of PAH and particulate matter (PM 10 ) size distributions peaks from 0.65 to 1.1 mm in summer to 1.1-2.1 mm in winter from vehicular sources in Seoul was attributed to PM 10 mass gain by absorption of water vapour (Lee et al, 2008). This observation supports the earlier suggestion that the entrainment of DPM particles containing PAHs in the nautical environment leads to the formation of hydrated particles.…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characteristics of submarine engine diesel particulates in the maritime environment

Gan

Hanhela

Mazurek

et al. 2010

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characteristics of submarine engine diesel particulates in the maritime environment

Gan

Hanhela

Mazurek

et al. 2010

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…7(1), [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]2013 0.95-1.5 μm and 3.0-7.5 μm . Lee et al (2008) also showed that the PM 10 size distribution should be bimodal with the peaks in the 0.65-1.1 μm and 4.7-5.8 μm size ranges, respectively, in Seoul urban areas. Furthermore, showed that the mean PM concentration was obtained in the particle fraction ⁄0.95 μm, accounting for 62% and 36% of total PM in an urban site in Greece during winter and summer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Platform Screen Doors on PM10 Levels in a Subway Station and a Trial to Reduce PM10 in Tunnels

Son¹,

Salama

Jeong

et al. 2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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PM 10 concentrations were measured at four monitoring sites at the Daechaung station of the Seoul subway. The four locations included two tunnels, a platform, and a waiting room. The outside site of the subway was also monitored for comparison purposes. In addition, the effect of the platform screen doors (PSDs) recently installed to isolate the PM 10 in a platform from a tunnel were evaluated, and a comparison between PM 10 levels during rush and non-rush hours was performed. It was observed that PM 10 levels in the tunnels were generally higher than those in the other locations. This might be associated with the generation of PM 10 within the tunnel due to the train braking and wear of the subway lines with the motion of the trains, which promotes the mixing and suspension of particulate matter. During this tunnel study, it was observed that the particle size of PM 10 ranged from 1.8 to 5.6 μm. It was revealed that the PM 10 levels in the tunnels were significantly increased by the PSDs, while those in the platform and waiting room decreased. As a result, in order to estimate the effect of ventilation system on PM 10 levels in the tunnels, fans with inverters were operated. It was found that the concentration of PM 10 was below 150 μg/m 3 when the air flow rate into a tunnel was approximately 210,000-216,000 CMH.

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“…Seasonal variations can be exemplified by the study of Lee et al (2008) in which the PAH particle size distributions for summer were biomodal (raging between 0.43-0.65 and 4.7-5.8 µm) while those for winter were unimodal (range of 0.65-1.1 µm). Lack of a coarse fraction peak in winter is due to lower temperatures resulting to reduced gasparticle partitioning via volatilization.…”

Section: Particle Size Distribution Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

136

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of semi-volatile organic carbons that are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources therefore are ubiquitous in nature. Their main sources are both fossil and biomass fuels as well as other feedstocks used in chemical and combustion processes. Mostly the combustion processes are PAH depletion processes rather than PAH generating processes. PAHs are emitted from both stationary and mobile sources at varying levels depending on the operation conditions such as fuels, feedstock, and control devices in use as well as process parameters for example combustion temperatures.After emission from sources, the fates of PAHs in the atmosphere include partitioning between gas and particulate phases, particle size distribution, long range transport, dry and wet deposition on to water bodies, soil, vegetation and other receptor surfaces as well as resuspension from receptor surfaces back to the atmosphere. These processes are controlled by their physiochemical properties. Additionally, it is through these processes that human beings are exposed to PAHs via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.Dry deposition is the major process through which PAHs from the atmosphere are made available to receptor surfaces including the human respiratory system. From studies with cumulative fractions of dry deposition and size distribution for particulate PAHs, it is evident that the coarse particles are majorly responsible for the highest fraction of deposition fluxes. This is especially true for the high molecular weight PAHs, since the low molecular weight PAHs are majorly in the gas phase, which have lower dry deposition velocities. On the other hand, the highest risk for human being comes in the form of fine particles, whose mean aerodynamic diameter is below 2.5 µm. This is because the particle bound content results and particle size distributions of PAHs indicate that the fine particles have the most PAH content owing to their large surface areas and high organic carbon content. For the wet deposition of PAHs, more research is recommended for measurement of scavenging ratios of individual PAHs, since there is a scarcity of studies focusing on this issue.PAH mutagenic activity and exposure risk of humans can be estimated using the deposition rates, toxicity levels based on benzo(a)pyrene, or biomarkers such as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Other parameters that have been used to evaluate the risks of various exposure groups include inhalation exposure levels (IEL), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and estimation of maximum consumption time (t max ). Highway toll workers, back carbon workers and food vendors in night markets are among susceptible groups identified using these biomarkers and exposure parameters.To reduce exposure to human beings, PAH emissions need to be controlled at the sources. Control and reduction of PAH emissions from various sources involves largely altering the fuel and feedstock characteristics, using air pollution control devices and/or adjustin...

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Seasonal variation of particle size distributions of PAHs at Seoul, Korea

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Characteristics of submarine engine diesel particulates in the maritime environment

Characteristics of submarine engine diesel particulates in the maritime environment

The Effect of Platform Screen Doors on PM10 Levels in a Subway Station and a Trial to Reduce PM10 in Tunnels

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

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