Seasonal variations and size distributions of water-soluble ions of atmospheric particulate matter at Shigatse, Tibetan Plateau

Yang, Yongjie; Zhou, Rui; Yan, Yan; Yu, Yue; Liu, Junqing; Di, Yi'an; Du, Zhenyu; Wu, Dan

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.065

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The EC value was mainly affected by total water-soluble ions in the precipitation and rainfall amount, which indirectly reflected the cleanliness of the precipitation and the air pollution status. The decrease in EC in recent years suggested that air pollution in China has been mitigated due to the implementation of special air pollution control measures (Wang et al, 2017;X. Yang et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Ph and Ec Values In Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although TB has received the effects of industrial emissions and biomass burning from South Asia via a long-range atmospheric transport, most of the pollutants tended to be deposited on the south of the Himalayas except for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Y. Yang et al, 2016;Dong et al, 2017). The cities with higher EC were generally close to the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts.…”

Section: The Ph and Ec Values In Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet deposition of inorganic ions in 320 cities across China: spatio-temporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors

Cui

Zhao

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The acid deposition has been considered to be a severe environmental issue in China. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of water soluble ions (NO3-, Cl−, Ca2+, K+, F−, NH4+, Mg2+, SO42-, and Na+) in the precipitation samples collected from 320 cities during 2011–2016 across China were measured. The mean concentrations of F−, NO3-, and SO42- were in the order of winter (6.10, 19.44, and 45.74 µeq L−1) > spring (3.45, 13.83, and 42.61 µeq L−1) > autumn (2.67, 9.73, and 28.85 µeq L−1) > summer (2.04, 7.66, and 19.26 µeq L−1). Secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) and F− peaked in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Sichuan basin (SB). Crustal ions (i.e. Ca2+, Mg2+), Na+, and Cl− showed the highest concentrations in the semi-arid regions and the coastal cities. The statistical methods confirmed that the mean anthropogenic contribution ratios to SO42-, F−, NO3-, and NH4+ at a national scale were 46.12 %, 71.02 %, 79.10 %, and 82.40 %, respectively. However, Mg2+ (70.51 %), K+ (77.44 %), and Ca2+ (82.17 %) mostly originated from the crustal source. Both Na+ (70.54 %) and Cl− (60.42 %) were closely linked to sea salt aerosols. On the basis of the stepwise regression (SR) analysis, it was proposed that most of the secondary ions and F− were closely related to gross industrial production (GIP), total energy consumption (TEC), vehicle ownership, and N fertilizer use, but the crustal ions (Ca2+ and K+) were mainly controlled by the dust events. The influence of dust days, air temperature, and wind speed on ions increased from southeast China (SEC) to central China, and then to northwest China (NWC), whereas the influence of socioeconomic factors on acid ions (SO42- and NO3-) displayed the higher value in east China.

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Section: The Ph and Ec Values In Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ph and Ec Values In Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet deposition of inorganic ions in 320 cities across China: spatio-temporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors

Cui

Zhao

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Here, the published datasets of size-segregated urban aerosol Cl − that were sampled during both winter and summer in China were compiled for comparison [30,52,56,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] (Figure 8). The compiled size distribution results of aerosol Cl − displayed a bimodal pattern, with peaks located between 0.43~0.65 µm for fine mode particles and 4.7~5.8 µm for coarse mode particles both in winter ( Figure 8a) and summer (Figure 8b).…”

Section: Size Distributions Of Aerosol CL − : a Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

et al. 2019

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Chlorine is an important atmospheric photochemical oxidant, but few studies have focused on atmospheric chlorine. In this study, PM 2.5 samples were collected from urban and rural sites across China in January 2018, and concentrations of Cl − and other water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 were analyzed. The size-segregated aerosol Cl − data measured across Chinese cities by other studies were compiled for comparison. The observed data demonstrated that the Cl − concentrations of PM 2.5 in northern cities (5.0 ± 3.7 µg/m 3 ) were higher than those in central (1.9 ± 1.2 µg/m 3 ) and southern cities (0.84 ± 0.54 µg/m 3 ), suggesting substantial chlorine emissions in northern cities during winter. The concentrations of Cl − in aerosol were significantly higher in urban regions (0.11-26.7 µg/m 3 ) compared to than in rural regions (0.03-0.61 µg/m 3 ) across China during winter, implying strong anthropogenic chlorine emission in cities. Based on the mole ratios of Cl − /Na + , Cl − /K + and Cl − /SO 2− 4 and the PMF model, Cl − in northern and central cities was mainly sourced from the coal combustion and biomass burning, but in southern cities, Cl − in PM 2.5 was mainly affected by the equilibrium between gas-phase HCl and particulate Cl − . The size-segregated statistical data demonstrated that particulate Cl − had a bimodal pattern, and more Cl − was distributed in the fine model than that in the coarse mode in winter, with the opposite pattern was observed in summer. This may be attributed to both sources of atmospheric Cl − and Cl − involved in chemical processes. This study reports the concentrations of aerosol Cl − on a national scale, and provides important information for modeling the global atmospheric reactive chlorine distribution and the effects of chlorine on atmospheric photochemistry.Atmosphere 2019, 10, 505 2 of 16 may disturb the aerosol acidity [11][12][13][14], which further affects the water-soluble ion concentrations aerosol [15,16]. Although the Cl − concentration in aerosol has been incidentally reported in many studies, very few studies have paid attention to Cl − in terrestrial aerosols as compared to marine aerosol, let alone in situ observations on a large spatial scale.The sources of atmospheric Cl − have been identified using several different methods, such as determining stable isotopic compositions of Cl − [17][18][19], monitoring the relationships between Cl − and OC, EC, Na + , and K + [16,[20][21][22], and model simulations [23,24]. Atmospheric Cl − has many natural sources, including sea water, wildfires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions [25][26][27][28], as well as anthropogenic sources, such as coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial emissions, and the use of sodium chloride on icy roads [20,21,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The chlorine emissions from sea water (both particulate Cl − and gas-phase HCl) were estimated to be 1792.6 Tg Cl yr −1 [23], which is considerably higher than emissions from other sources, such as dust (15 Tg Cl yr −1 as particulate Cl − ) and volcanic eruption...

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“…The cities in the western and northern of Sichuan province, and the southern of Tibet autonomous region presented the lower EC values due to the sparse population and minimal industrial activity. Although TB has received the effects of the industrial emissions and biomass burning from South Asia via a long-range atmospheric transport, most of the pollutants tended to be deposited on the South of Himalayas except persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Yang et al, 2016b;Dong et al, 2017). The cities with higher EC was generally close to the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts.…”

Section: The Ph and Ec Values In The Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wet deposition of the inorganic ions in the 320 cities across China: spatiotemporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors

Li¹,

Cui²,

Zhao³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The acid deposition has been considered to be a severe environmental issue in China. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and the concentrations of the water soluble ions (NO3&#8722;, Cl&#8722;, Ca2+, K+, F&#8722;, NH4+, Mg2+, SO42&#8722;, and Na+) in the precipitation samples collected from the 320 cities during 2011&#8211;2016 across the whole China were measured. The mean concentrations of F&#8722;, NO3&#8722; and SO42&#8722; were in the order of winter (6.10, 19.44 and 45.74&#8201;&#956;eq/L) > spring (3.45, 13.83, and 42.61&#8201;&#956;eq/L) > autumn (2.67, 9.73, and 28.85&#8201;&#956;eq/L) > summer (2.04, 7.66, and 19.26&#8201;&#956;eq/L). The secondary ions (SO42&#8722;, NO3&#8722; and NH4+), and F&#8722; peaked in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Sichuan basin (SB). The crustal ions (i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+), Na+, and Cl&#8722; showed the highest concentrations in the semi-arid regions and the coastal cities, respectively. The statistical methods confirmed that the mean anthropogenic contribution ratios to SO42&#8722;, F&#8722;, NO3&#8722;, and NH4+ at a national scale were 46.12&#8201;%, 71.02&#8201;%, 79.10&#8201;%, and 82.40&#8201;%, respectively. However, Mg2+ (70.51&#8201;%), K+ (77.44&#8201;%), and Ca2+ (82.17&#8201;%) were mostly originated from the crustal source. Both Na+ (70.54&#8201;%) and Cl&#8722; (60.42&#8201;%) were closely linked to the sea-salt aerosols. On the basis of the stepwise regression (SR) analysis, it was proposed that most of the secondary ions and F&#8722; were closely related to gross industrial production (GIP), total energy consumption (TEC), vehicle ownership, and N fertilizer use, but the crustal ions (Ca2+ and K+) were mainly controlled by the dust events. The influence of dust days, air temperature, and wind speed on ions increased from Southeast China (SEC) to Central China, and then to Northwest China (NWC), whereas the influence of socioeconomic factors on acid ions (SO42&#8722; and NO3&#8722;) displayed the higher value in East China.

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Seasonal variations and size distributions of water-soluble ions of atmospheric particulate matter at Shigatse, Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Wet deposition of inorganic ions in 320 cities across China: spatio-temporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors

Wet deposition of inorganic ions in 320 cities across China: spatio-temporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

The wet deposition of the inorganic ions in the 320 cities across China: spatiotemporal variation, source apportionment, and dominant factors

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