Seasonal variations in composting process of dead poultry birds

Sivakumar, K.; Kumar, Vijay; Jagatheesan, P.N. Richard; Viswanathan, K.; Chandrasekaran, D.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.023

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The highest temperature continued for 2-3 days in the compost mixture. According to SivaKumar et al (2007), the temperature above 55°C during composting favors the elimination of parasites, pathogens and maximal sanitation. In the cooling and final phase of the composting process, the temperature was decreased to 30°C which may be considered as an indication of exhaustion of decomposable organic matter in the composting mixture (Fourti et al, 2010).…”

Section: Changes In Physico-chemical Characteristics Of the Feed Mixtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial composting of animal fleshing generated from tannery industries

Ravindran

Sekaran

2010

Waste Management

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Section: Changes In Physico-chemical Characteristics Of the Feed Mixtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial composting of animal fleshing generated from tannery industries

Ravindran

Sekaran

2010

Waste Management

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“…Among these methods, composting has been demonstrated to be environmentally sound and economically viable when operated under proper management. Composting of dead poultry, livestock, or slaughter waste under temperate conditions has been reported in the literature (Sivakumar et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2011;Hao et al, 2009), and the results showed that co-composting of dead poultry and other waste with manure was successful under different weather conditions. Associated with manure management such as composting is the generation of certain noxious gases (e.g., ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) and greenhouse gases (GHG).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Co-Composting of Dead Hens with Manure as Affected by Forced Aeration Rate

2014

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The effect of ventilation rate (VR) on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from co-composting dead hens mixed with hen manure was quantified. Three VR levels of 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 m 3 h -1 were evaluated. Gaseous concentrations were measured using a multi-gas infrared photoacoustic analyzer, VR was measured with flowmeters, and the gas emission rate was computed from the VR and gas concentration. Decomposition of the carcasses over the 11-week composting period was greater than 88%. VR was found to significantly affect NH 3 , CO 2 , and CH 4 emissions (p < 0.05). Specifically, cumulative emissions per kg of initial matter for VR of 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 m 3 h -1 were, respectively, 2.4, 2.0, and 1.2 g NH 3 ; 78, 66, and 42 g CO 2 ; 120, 90, and 52 mg CH 4 ; and 6.4, 6.1, and 5.1 mg N 2 O. Hence, the study results suggest that the ventilation rate can be adjusted to reduce NH 3 and GHG emissions from animal mortality compositing. KeywordsComposting, Dead hens, Greenhouse gas, NH3, Ventilation rate VR of 0.9, 0.7, respectively, 2.4, 2.0, and 1.2 g NH 3 ; 78, 66, and 42 g CO 2 ; 120, 90, and 52 mg CH 4 ; and 6.4, 6.1, and 5.1 roper disposal of animal mortality is crucial to sustaining animal industries, improving public health, and protecting the environment. Different disposal methods or practices have been used by the animal industry, such as incineration, burial, rendering, anaerobic digestion, and composting. Among these methods, composting has been demonstrated to be environmentally sound and economically viable when operated under proper management. Composting of dead poultry, livestock, or slaughter waste under temperate conditions has been reported in the literature (Sivakumar et al., 2008;Xu et al., 2007;Xu et al., 2011;Hao et al., 2009), and the results showed that co-composting of dead poultry and other waste with manure was successful under different weather conditions. Associated with manure management such as composting is the generation of certain noxious gases (e.g., ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) and greenhouse gases (GHG). For instance, about 2860 Gg of methane (CH 4 ) and 270 Gg of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are emitted from livestock manure management in China, accounting for 6.4% of the total CH 4 and 21.3% of the total N 2 O emissions in 2005 (NDRC, 2013). Several factors are involved in composting that could affect the magnitude of the gaseous emissions, such as the scale of the operation, process temperature (Pagans et al., 2006;Matsumura et al., 2010), ventilation or aeration rate (Li et al., 2008;Ahn et al., 2007;Shen et al., 2011), and management and amendments (Tamura and Osada, 2006;Yasuda et al., 2009;Fukumoto et al., 2003;Ahn et al., 2011;Szanto et al., 2007;El Kader et al., 2007). Cocomposting livestock mortalities with manure could affect the composting process and the rate of GHG emission, given that carcasses have much higher C, N, and moisture contents than does most livestock manure. Xu et al. (2007) and Hao et al. (2009) reported a significant increase in GHG emissions when catt...

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“…Durante a fase de compostagem, a redução de ST foi de 21,84%, valor semelhante ao encontrado por SIVAKUMAR et al (2008), em que as reduções oscilaram entre 19,3 e 48,6%, ao efetuarem a compostagem de carcaças de aves e cama de frango. Considerando-se o somatório das duas fases (pré-compostagem e compostagem), as reduções de ST e SV foram satisfatórias, visto que os índices desejáveis estão acima de 50% de redução (KIEHL, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified