Seasonal Variations in the Occurrence of Indole‐3‐Acetic‐Acid in Buds of <i>Pinus silvestris</i>

Aldén, Torsten

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb01087.x

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Because most quantitative evidence in the past has been acquired from bioassays, reported amounts of endogenous IAA in various plant species, especially conifers, must be evaluated cautiously. The quantity of endogenous IAA found in spring extracts of Douglas fir is in the midrange of values stated in the literature for different species (1)(2)(3)6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the last 10 years, GLC has been added for final separation and analysis of plant extracts because of its ability to fractionate volatilized components in a specific and reproducible fashion (1,3, 21,27). If several stationary phases of differing physical character are included, the data produced are even more reliable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are inadequate, however, because spectra of related indoles and different component classes can be misinterpreted easily, especially in plant extracts (14). IR spectrophotometry has the potential of providing definitive analysis of IAA (22), if complete separation of interfering components has been achieved (19).In the last 10 years, GLC has been added for final separation and analysis of plant extracts because of its ability to fractionate volatilized components in a specific and reproducible fashion (1,3, 21,27). If several stationary phases of differing physical character are included, the data produced are even more reliable.…”

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Indole-3-acetic Acid in Douglas Fir

DeYoe¹,

Zaerr²

1976

Plant Physiol.

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We sought evidence for the occurrence and seasonal variaton of indole-3acetic acid (1AA) in shoots of Dous fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.J Franco).Collections obtained in December and June were exacted with methanol and diethyl ether. Extracts were purified by solvent partitioning and with Sephadex LH-20. Qualitative and qntitative information was acquired by gas-liquid chromatography of methyl, trimethylsilyl, or both derivadives of plant extract components. Analysis was performed with polar (XE-60) and moderately polar (HI-Eff-8-BP) stationary phases. Results from three collections demonstrated that IAA does occur in Douls fir and that amounts vary seasonally. Mass analysis of the proposed endogenous IAA peak from two representative extracts supported gas-liquid chromatography data and established the presence of IAA in Douglas fir.Analyses of IAA in tissues of plants have been made for more than half a century. Yet, during the 40 years before 1970, conclusive evidence of the occurrence of IAA in coniferous forest trees was not forthcoming. During that time, the most common method for isolation and identification was paper chromatographic separation of a partitioned extract followed by analysis with semispecific chromogenic reagents and a pertinent bioassay sensitive to IAA (8,28).New analytical techniques for the study of plant hormones were initiated in the early 1960s. Spectrophotometric methods, such as colorimetry (12), UV spectrophotometry (26), fluorimetry (26), and phosphorometry (7), have been utilized by various workers for auxin determination. These methods are inadequate, however, because spectra of related indoles and different component classes can be misinterpreted easily, especially in plant extracts (14). IR spectrophotometry has the potential of providing definitive analysis of IAA (22), if complete separation of interfering components has been achieved (19).In the last 10 years, GLC has been added for final separation and analysis of plant extracts because of its ability to fractionate volatilized components in a specific and reproducible fashion (1,3, 21,27). If several stationary phases of differing physical character are included, the data produced are even more reliable. Subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry or mass fragmentography gives precise information on the nature of the compound under investigation (2, 10). Extraction. The shoots were trimmed to 7 cm, stripped of their needles, and placed in 95% methanol or anhydrous diethyl ether. Five hundred leafless shoots, equivalent to 300 g fresh weight, were used in each of the two extractions. The extracts were kept below -20 C during the 3-week extraction period, and the respective solvents were replaced with fresh solvent semiweekly. Accumulated extracts were combined, dried by flash evaporation at 30 and 20 C, respectively, and stored at -20 C in 10 to 30 ml of methanol. These storage conditions reduce enzymic activity capable of oxidizing IAA and inhibit epiphytic bacteria from producing IAA (18). An additional collec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Indole-3-acetic Acid in Douglas Fir

DeYoe¹,

Zaerr²

1976

Plant Physiol.

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“…A higher level of auxin has been found in growing pine shoots (1) as compared to bean plants (9,22). Assay by a biotest indicated that growing aspen shoot tissue contained about 50 times the auxin content of growing pea shoots (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoleacetic Acid Levels in Phaseolus, Zea, and Pincus during Seed Germination

Tillberg

1977

Plant Physiol.

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The content of indoleacetic acid (IAA) was determined in dry and germinating seeds of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), sugar maie (Zea mays), and Scots pine (Pinus silvestris). IAA was found in both the dry and the soaked seeds of the three species examined. The amount of IAA per gram fresh weight was extremely different in the three species whereas the variation between different harvests of the same species was small. Maize contained the highest level of IAA and bean the smallest. The time of imbibition was of decisive importance for the level of IAA. In all three species the content of IAA increased considerably during the initial 4 hours of swelling. The highest level of IAA was found in seeds that had swelled for 24 to 48 hours, during which period the radicies began to emerge from the seed coat. Later, during the period of npid root growth, the content of IAA declined.Auxin is an important plant growth hormone which is active in the regulation of most growth processes in plants. However, its role in the germination of seeds is largely unknown. While it is well known that gibberellins and cytokinins are of importance for the germination processes (2, 10, 13) some authors assume that auxin is of no importance for the mobilization of nutrients or for the early metabolic and growth processes in the embryo (e.g. [25,26]).Most of the present evidence of the roles of plant hormones in the germinative processes is based on the effects of external application of compounds to the seeds. The general finding is that exogenously applied auxin has no promotive effect on germination. This may be the basis of the belief that auxin is of no or little importance for germination. It is also possible that no promotive effect is found as the seeds may already contain a level of endogenous auxin optimal for germination.So far, relatively few attempts have been made to characterize and identify the endogenous auxins in seeds during the germination and to relate quantitative changes to growth and developmental processes. Zea mays is a shining exception (e.g. [24]).This paper is a report of analyses of the amounts of endogenous IAA in dry and swelling seeds. A comparison has been made among three different species which belong to different taxonomic groups and which also differ in the kind of nutritive reserves they possess. The species studied were Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Pinus silvestris. The seeds were soaked under conditions that were suitable for germination of each particular species. IAA content was determined by the indole-a-pyrone fluorescence method (21). Extraction and Purification. Seeds weighing 10 g before treatment were homogenized in a Sorvall homogenizer (bean and maize) or in a mortar (pine) in ice-cold methanol (10 ml/g plant material). To each homogenate was added another portion of methanol (10 ml/g plant material). The sterilization and soaking of the seeds resulted in a slight difference in the methanol concentration between different homogenates: soaking time: 0 hr = 98%; 4 hr = 97.5%; 24...

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“…1 and 2b). The sequence in root length suggests that removal of buds at the same time removed a shoot-to-root signal, which had to be synthesized before root elongation could continue [1,5,20]. Conifer buds are high in auxin, which might be lowered by the debudding proces [1,6,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-transplant root and shoot development inAbies nordmannianaSpach. seedlings after whorl bud and branch pruning

Andersen¹,

Soerensen²,

Rasmussen

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-After lifting in a nursery, 3-year-old seedlings of Abies nordmanniana were treated for improvement in new leader growth after transplanting. The treatments were: (A) whorl (subapical) buds, lateral buds at the stem and whorl branch tips removed; (B) as (A), but with whorl branches removed at their junction to the stem; and (C) untreated control seedlings. After transplanting in April, plant samples were lifted in June, July and September to determine the effect of treatments on root and shoot development. Root length and number of root tips were determined by scanning and computed image analysis. Height, dry weight of shoot and root and ratio between these were determined. Removal of whorl and lateral buds and whorl branch tips had a negative effect on root and shoot growth after transplanting. Root length, number of root tips and shoot dry weight were reduced, but by September equaled the untreated control seedlings. Removal of whorl branches caused a significant reduction in both root length and shoot dry weight compared to untreated control seedlings. longueur des racines / racine/pousse / scanner des pointes racinaires

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Seasonal Variations in the Occurrence of Indole‐3‐Acetic‐Acid in Buds of Pinus silvestris

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Indole-3-acetic Acid in Douglas Fir

Indole-3-acetic Acid in Douglas Fir

Indoleacetic Acid Levels in Phaseolus, Zea, and Pincus during Seed Germination

Post-transplant root and shoot development inAbies nordmannianaSpach. seedlings after whorl bud and branch pruning

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