Seasonal variations of EPG Levels in gastro-intestinal parasitic infection in a southeast asian controlled locale: a statistical analysis

Abstract

We present a data based statistical study on the effects of seasonal variations in the growth rates of the gastro-intestinal (GI) parasitic infection in livestock. The alluded growth rate is estimated through the variation in the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces in animals. In accordance with earlier studies, our analysis too shows that rainfall is the dominant variable in determining EPG infection rates compared to other macro-parameters like temperature and humidity. Our statistical analysis clearly indicates an oscillatory dependence of EPG levels on rainfall fluctuations. Monsoon recorded the highest infection with a comparative increase of at least 2.5 times compared to the next most infected period (summer). A least square fit of the EPG versus rainfall data indicates an approach towards a super diffusive (i. e. root mean square displacement growing faster than the square root of the elapsed time as obtained for simple diffusion) infection growth pattern regime for low rainfall regimes (technically defined as zeroth level dependence) that gets remarkably augmented for large rainfall zones. Our analysis further indicates that for low fluctuations in temperature (true on the bulk data), EPG level saturates beyond a critical value of the rainfall, a threshold that is expected to indicate the onset of the nonlinear regime. The probability density functions (PDFs) of the EPG data show oscillatory behavior in the large rainfall regime (greater than 500 mm), the frequency of oscillation, once again, being determined by the ambient wetness (rainfall, and humidity). Data recorded over three pilot projects spanning three measures of rainfall and humidity bear testimony to the universality of this statistical argument.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in bovines in and around Junagadh (Gujarat)

“…But in case of buffaloes, highest prevalence rate was documented in monsoon followed by winter and summer (35.71 and 24.32 %, respectively), the difference being non-significant (p [ 0.05). High moisture content along with temperature prevailed during rainy season favors the growth and development of larvae is the reason behind highest prevalence of GI parasitic infections during monsoon as also observed in earlier studies carried by various workers (Laha et al 2013;Chattopadhyay and Bandyopadhyay 2013). Devoid of optimum moisture and temperature for development of larvae in the pasture during hot and cold season, could be the reason of lower and lowest prevalence during summer and winter seasons, respectively.…”

Seasonal incidence of parasitic diseases in bovines of south western Gujarat (Junagadh), India

“…High moisture content along with temperature prevailed during rainy season favours the growth and development of larvae is the reason behind highest prevalence of GI parasitic infections during these season as also observed in earlier studies carried by various workers (Laha et al 2013;Chattopadhyay and Bandyopadhyay 2013). Devoid of optimum moisture and temperature for development of larvae in the pasture during hot and cold season, could be the reason of lower and lowest prevalence during spring and winter seasons, respectively.…”

The Evaluation of Efficacy of Valbazen (Pflizer) in the Treatment of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Parasite Invasions in Beef Cattle of West Pomerania

“…The infections mostly run in a subclinical form and usually are unnoticeable, and therefore are often underestimated by farmers. It is a reasonable problem in cattle farming, as the presence of parasites in an organism may lead to a decrease in animal welfare, health status and productivity (Chattopadhyay and Bandyopadhyay 2013;Laha et al 2013;Geurden et al 2015;Peña-Espinoza et al 2016).…”

“…protozoa. Their widespread dissemination in the environment causes that these parasites are present in practically every sinle herd, regardless of climatic conditions, type of farming or age of animals (Chattopadhyay and Bandyopadhyay 2013;Geurden 2015).…”