Seasonal variations of HCN over northern Japan measured by ground‐based infrared solar spectroscopy

Measurements of total odd nitrogen (NO<sub>y</sub>) aboard MOZAIC in-service aircraft: instrument design, operation and performance

“…Atmospheric mixing ratios of HCN in the range of 100-300 ppt were reported for springtime over the Pacific during TRACE-P (Singh et al, 2003), with somewhat higher concentrations found in biomass burning plumes. The in-situ measurements were in good agreement with the tropospheric column of HCN (4·10 15 cm −2 ) measured over Japan (Zhao et al, 2000). HCN-columns of 2-3·10 15 cm −2 obtained over Jungfraujoch and Mauna Loa (Rinsland et al, 1999(Rinsland et al, , 2000 would lead to similar tropospheric mixing ratios because of the higher altitude of the observatories.…”

Model analysis of the factors regulating the trends and variability of carbon monoxide between 1988 and 1997

“…The total column of CO is also measured at several locations around the world, with data collected at a few sites since the 1970s (Zander et al, 1989;Yurganov et al, 1997;Mahieu et al, 1997;Zhao et al, 2000;Rinsland et al, , 1999Rinsland et al, , 2000. This database provides the means with which to derive trends in observed CO and to evaluate model performance.…”

Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Trace Gases by Ground-Based Solar Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

“…In 1994 the first measurements using the moon as a light source were reported from Spitzbergen, enabling measurements of the Arctic atmosphere during polar night (Notholt, 1994). In 1995 three additional sites were added to the network at Zugspitze, Germany (47°N, 11°E) (Sussmann and Schafer, 1997), Rikubetsu, Japan (44°N, 144°E) (Zhao et al, 2000) and Wollongong, Australia (34°S, 151°E) (Rinsland et al, 2001). The following year saw a further three sites established at Kiruna, Sweden, (68°N, 20°E) (Blumenstock et al, 1997), Eureka, Nunavit (80°N, 86°W) (Batchelor et al, 2009;Donovan et al, 1997) and Moshiri, Japan (44°N, 142°E) (Zhao et al, 2000).…”

“…In 1995 three additional sites were added to the network at Zugspitze, Germany (47°N, 11°E) (Sussmann and Schafer, 1997), Rikubetsu, Japan (44°N, 144°E) (Zhao et al, 2000) and Wollongong, Australia (34°S, 151°E) (Rinsland et al, 2001). The following year saw a further three sites established at Kiruna, Sweden, (68°N, 20°E) (Blumenstock et al, 1997), Eureka, Nunavit (80°N, 86°W) (Batchelor et al, 2009;Donovan et al, 1997) and Moshiri, Japan (44°N, 142°E) (Zhao et al, 2000). Measurements at Tsukuba, Japan (36°N, 140°E) started in 1998, followed by Thule, Greenland (77°N, 69°W), Poker Flat, Alaska (65°N, 147°W) and Izana, Tenerife Island (28°N, 16°W) all in 1999.…”

“…The establishment of the NDSC resulted in a huge increase in the number of infrared solar absorption measurements being made around the globe during the next few years. More recently interest in atmospheric chemistry has been focused on tropospheric pollution and anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (Barret et al, 2003;Jones et al, 2009;Mahieu et al, 1995;Nagahama and Suzuki, 2007;Paton-Walsh et al, 2008;Rinsland et al, 2000;Rinsland et al, 2001;Rinsland et al, 2002;Rinsland et al, 2008;Warneke et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2000; an effort to provide extremely accurate and precise measurements of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Total Column Carbon Observing Network (TCCON) was established to help characterise biogenic and oceanic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases to and from the atmosphere and to validate current and future satellite based measurements (http://www.tccon.caltech.edu/ ).…”