Seasonal variations of net ecosystem (CO2) exchange in the Indian tropical mangrove forest of Pichavaram

Gnanamoorthy, Palingamoorthy; Selvam, V.; Burman, Pramit Kumar Deb; Chakraborty, Supriyo; Karipot, Anandakumar; Nagarajan, R.; Ramasubramanian, R.; Song, Qinghai; Zhang, Yiping; Grace, John

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106828

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained by Gnanamoorthy et al. (2020) who also found that maximum seasonal quantum yield was observed during the winter season. Although the NEE‐PAR relationship was separated by tidal flooding classes, interestingly the maximization in NEE shown in the December–February period occurred during the second period with the lowest tidal flooding, which suggests that NEE rate is also controlled by temperature and/or VPD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is strong evidence that most of the carbon is sequestered during the winter season (December-February) followed by the period September-November (also high quantum yield but lower seasonal NEE values). Similar results were obtained by Gnanamoorthy et al (2020) who also found that maximum seasonal quantum yield was observed during the winter season. Although the NEE-PAR relationship was separated by tidal flooding classes, interestingly the maximization Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences in NEE shown in the December-February period occurred during the second period with the lowest tidal flooding, which suggests that NEE rate is also controlled by temperature and/or VPD.…”

Section: Environmental Control On Co 2 Exchange Of Arid Mangrovessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Due to their unique characteristics and extension, arid mangroves have been overlooked; however, recently they have gained recognition due to their contribution to the Carbon (C) cycle and the role they play in the energy and water exchange with the atmosphere (Artigas et al., 2015; Donato et al., 2011; Mcleod et al., 2011). For this reason, the Eddy Covariance (EC) technique has been recently implemented to measure the energy and gas (CO 2 and CH 4 ) exchange between mangroves and the atmosphere (Alvarado‐Barrientos et al., 2021; J. G. Barr et al., 2010; Cui et al., 2018; Gnanamoorthy et al., 2020; Leopold et al., 2016; Li et al., 2014; Liu & Lai, 2019; Rodda et al., 2016). However, studies involving this technique in mangroves are exiguous and almost nonexistent in arid regions (Baldocchi et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gnanamoorthy et al. (2020) found that NEE and ET was highly controlled by VPD and air temperature and observed that NEE considerably decreased when VPD and air temperature exceeded a threshold of 25 hPa and 35°C, respectively. Conversely, these latter authors found that rainfall is another factor that strongly controls NEE by increasing the freshwater input, which decreases salinity and increases the rate of NEE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO₂ Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Granados-Martínez¹,

Yépez²,

Sánchez-Mejía³

et al. 2021

JGR Biogeosciences

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This work explored the environmental factors that control the temporal dynamics of vertical energy and carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and arid mangroves located on the coastline of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent (λE) and sensible heat (H) exchange fluxes were estimated in situ using the eddy covariance technique along with meteorological and hydrological observations during the period November 2017 through November 2019. Moreover, multiyear mangrove phenology at footprint-scale was tracked using remotely sensed vegetation greenness data from Sentinel-2. Our results suggest that the seasonal energy partition and the magnitude of NEE is highly coupled with seasonal changes in the level of tidal flooding, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature. Low tidal levels facilitate heat transmission to the atmosphere leading the energy partition to H, while the increase in flooding and VPD facilitates the transmission of water vapor resulting in λE dominance. The lowest rate of NEE was observed during the months of highest tidal flooding (June-August) while the highest seasonal rate of NEE matched with the lowest mean flood levels (March-May). Estimated annual NEE for 2018 was −745.3 gC m −2 y −1 while for 2019 was −307.4 gC m −2 y −1 . Our findings suggest a possible trend of decrease in the capacity of carbon sequestration of arid mangroves with rising sea levels and air temperature as a result of global warming.GRANADOS-MARTÍNEZ ET AL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Environmental Control On Co 2 Exchange Of Arid Mangrovessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO₂ Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Granados-Martínez¹,

Yépez²,

Sánchez-Mejía³

et al. 2021

JGR Biogeosciences

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“…Here, the mass balance model of carbon flow through the world's mangrove ecosystems constructed by Alongi [2] is revised, using the data in Sections 2.1-2.3 and in Table 2, and newer data for soil + root burial [3,106], root production [107], mangrove gross primary production (GPP), POC, and DOC export [7,10], and canopy respiration (R c ) [19,66,[108][109][110][111][112][113][114], and extrapolated using the most recent estimate of global mangrove area [115]. The revised carbon flow model ( Figure 5) shows that ∼64% of GPP is respired by the canopy with NPP vested nearly equally in the litter, wood, and belowground root production.…”

Section: Carbon Flow Through the World's Mangrove Ecosystems And Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Cycling in the World’s Mangrove Ecosystems Revisited: Significance of Non-Steady State Diagenesis and Subsurface Linkages between the Forest Floor and the Coastal Ocean

Alongi

2020

Forests

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Carbon cycling within the deep mangrove forest floor is unique compared to other marine ecosystems with organic carbon input, mineralization, burial, and advective and groundwater export pathways being in non-steady-state, often oscillating in synchrony with tides, plant uptake, and release/uptake via roots and other edaphic factors in a highly dynamic and harsh environment. Rates of soil organic carbon (CORG) mineralization and belowground CORG stocks are high, with rapid diagenesis throughout the deep (>1 m) soil horizon. Pocketed with cracks, fissures, extensive roots, burrows, tubes, and drainage channels through which tidal waters percolate and drain, the forest floor sustains non-steady-state diagenesis of the soil CORG, in which decomposition processes at the soil surface are distinct from those in deeper soils. Aerobic respiration occurs within the upper 2 mm of the soil surface and within biogenic structures. On average, carbon respiration across the surface soil-air/water interface (104 mmol C m−2 d−1) equates to only 25% of the total carbon mineralized within the entire soil horizon, as nearly all respired carbon (569 mmol C m−2 d−1) is released in a dissolved form via advective porewater exchange and/or lateral transport and subsurface tidal pumping to adjacent tidal waters. A carbon budget for the world’s mangrove ecosystems indicates that subsurface respiration is the second-largest respiratory flux after canopy respiration. Dissolved carbon release is sufficient to oversaturate water-column pCO2, causing tropical coastal waters to be a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Mangrove dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) discharge contributes nearly 60% of DIC and 27% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharge from the world’s low latitude rivers to the tropical coastal ocean. Mangroves inhabit only 0.3% of the global coastal ocean area but contribute 55% of air-sea exchange, 14% of CORG burial, 28% of DIC export, and 13% of DOC + particulate organic matter (POC) export from the world’s coastal wetlands and estuaries to the atmosphere and global coastal ocean.

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Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

Adame,

Cormier,

Taillardat

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Mangroves are one of the most carbon‐dense forests on the Earth and have been highlighted as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hundreds of studies have investigated how mangroves fix, transform, store, and export carbon. Here, we review and synthesize the previously known and emerging carbon pathways in mangroves, including gains (woody biomass accumulation, deadwood accumulation, soil carbon sequestration, root and litterfall production), transformations (food web transfer through herbivory, decomposition), and losses (respiration as CO2 and CH4, litterfall export, particulate and dissolved carbon export). We then review the technologies available to measure carbon fluxes in mangroves, their potential, and their limitations. We also synthesize and compare mangrove net ecosystem productivity (NEP) with terrestrial forests. Finally, we update global estimates of carbon fluxes with the most current values of fluxes and global mangrove area. We found that the contributions of recently investigated fluxes, such as soil respiration as CH4, are minor (<1 Tg C year−1), while the contributions of deadwood accumulation, herbivory, and lateral export are significant (>35 Tg C year−1). Dissolved inorganic carbon exports are an order of magnitude higher than the other processes investigated and were highly variable, highlighting the need for further studies. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) per area of mangroves were within the same order of magnitude as terrestrial forests. However, ER/GPP was lower in mangroves, explaining their higher carbon sequestration. We estimate the global mean mangrove NEP of 109.1 Tg C year−1 (7.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1) or through a budget balance, accounting for lateral losses, a global mean of 66.6 Tg C year−1 (4.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Overall, mangroves are highly productive, and despite losses due to respiration and tidal exchange, they are significant carbon sinks.

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Seasonal variations of net ecosystem (CO2) exchange in the Indian tropical mangrove forest of Pichavaram

Cited by 47 publications

References 88 publications

Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO₂ Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO₂ Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Carbon Cycling in the World’s Mangrove Ecosystems Revisited: Significance of Non-Steady State Diagenesis and Subsurface Linkages between the Forest Floor and the Coastal Ocean

Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

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Seasonal variations of net ecosystem (CO2) exchange in the Indian tropical mangrove forest of Pichavaram

Cited by 47 publications

References 88 publications

Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO2 Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO2 Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Carbon Cycling in the World’s Mangrove Ecosystems Revisited: Significance of Non-Steady State Diagenesis and Subsurface Linkages between the Forest Floor and the Coastal Ocean

Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

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Resources

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Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO₂ Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico

Environmental Controls on the Temporal Evolution of Energy and CO₂ Fluxes on an Arid Mangrove of Northwestern Mexico