Seasonal water chemistry variability in the Pangani River basin, Tanzania

Selemani, Juma Rajabu; Zhang, Jing; Muzuka, Alfred N. N.; Njau, Karoli N.; Zhang, Guosen; Maggid, Arafa; Mzuza, Maureen Kapute; Jin, Jie; Pradhan, Sonali

doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0221-x

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Water quality within Arusha City has been previously studied; the concentration of fluorides in rivers [ 18 ], nitrate transformations [ 19 ], and physical and chemical characteristics of the groundwater systems [ 20 ]. Furthermore, the level of progesterone hormones in rivers and stabilization ponds [ 21 ], and the quantity of macro- and microplastics within the city [ 22 ] were evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial occurrence and variation of the active pharmaceutical compounds in rivers and groundwater systems in Arusha City, Tanzania

Kundu,

Komakech,

Sang

2024

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial occurrence and variation of the active pharmaceutical compounds in rivers and groundwater systems in Arusha City, Tanzania

Kundu,

Komakech,

Sang

2024

Heliyon

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“…Studies showed that the reservoir has high trap efficiency ranging from 20% to 90% [13]. Additionally, the estimate showed that Nyumba Ya Mungu reservoir has high residence time of about 18 months [14]. High trap efficiency and high residence time causes the reservoir to be a sink of nutrients, organic carbon and metals [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclides as simple method of estimating sedimentation rates on reservoir

Selemani

2023

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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Reservoirs are important for flood control, production of hydroelectric power, fishing, water harvesting and storage. Climate is changing, population and anthropogenic activities are increasing which increase sedimentation rate to most of reservoirs reducing their capacity. With climate change in mind water are becoming scarce resources which need proper storage when available and suitable flood control in areas with unpredicted rainfall. Furthermore, population growth and increases energy demand suggesting that there is a need of sustainable management of dams so as to control flood, produce more hydroelectric power and store water for use in dry season. Sedimentation is one of the factors influencing storage capacity of the reservoir. Understanding sedimentation rate, source of sediment and carryout proper management measures is one among of the important methods to preserve dams. 137 Cs and 210 Pb are important radionuclides for investigating sedimentation rate in reservoir. The method has been used for more than two decades in developed countries with less use in developing countries. In this study a sediment core was sampled at the centre of Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir in Tanzania then the samples were transported to China for processing and analysis. High-purity Germanium detector was used to analyze 210 Pb and 137 Cs. The results showed that rate of sedimentation in the reservoir ranged from 0.21 to 0.65 cm/year with more sediment coming from Kikuletwa than Ruvu tributary. Proper utilization of this method can bring sustainable management of water, save communities from flood disaster and high production of hydroelectric power.

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Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan

Qaisar

Zhai

Pant

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The Indus River Basin (IRB) with an area of 139,202 km is the lifeline river basin of Pakistan. An intensive study was conducted in six subcatchments of the IRB with five in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) and one of the Lower Indus Basin (LIB; between Tarbela Dam and Panjand), i.e., the Gilgit River Basin (UIB-I), Hunza River Basin (UIB-II), UIB-III, UIB-IV and UIB-V, and LIB. A total of 84 surface water samples were collected from main stream and tributaries from June to August, 2016. The pH, electric conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ, whereas major ions (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, SO, and NO) and Si were analyzed in the laboratory. The results exhibited alkaline pH (8.55 ± 0.20) with diverse TDS (114.69 ± 77.65 mg L) and ion concentrations that were characterized primarily by the Ca-Mg-HCO type in the whole basin. The average TDS in the UIB and LIB were 93.99 ± 39.73 and 181.67 ± 167.82 mg L, respectively, under the influence of the arid to semi-arid climatic conditions and relatively higher anthropogenic interference in LIB compared to the UIB. The order of dominant major cations was different in the UIB and LIB, reflecting the diverse nature of geological formation. Gibbs plot, mixing diagrams, and ionic ratios were used to identify the controlling mechanism of river geochemistry in the IRB as carbonate weathering in general with different degrees of silicate weathering and minor contribution by evaporite dissolution. In addition, principal component/factor analysis also indicated that the major sources of dissolved loads in the basin are carbonates followed by silicates. Significant influences of silicate minerals were observed in the LIB, and there was a large contribution of evaporites in the UIB-II, UIB-III, and LIB. The suitability assessment showed that the river water fits the WHO permissible limits for drinking purposes from the perspective of major ions, whereas for irrigation purposes, most of the samples exhibited excellent and good levels except for a couple of permissible and doubtful levels from the Sawan and Deratang tributaries in the LIB, which may deteriorate the quality of soil and degrade the water quality downstream.

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Seasonal water chemistry variability in the Pangani River basin, Tanzania

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Spatial occurrence and variation of the active pharmaceutical compounds in rivers and groundwater systems in Arusha City, Tanzania

Spatial occurrence and variation of the active pharmaceutical compounds in rivers and groundwater systems in Arusha City, Tanzania

Use of 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclides as simple method of estimating sedimentation rates on reservoir

Spatial variation, source identification, and quality assessment of surface water geochemical composition in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan

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