Seasonal Weight Changes, Mortality, and Population Structure of Raccoons in Minnesota

Mech, L. David; Barnes, Donald L.; Tester, John R.

doi:10.2307/1377728

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Causes of mortality for Raccoons include starvation, heavy parasitism, poison, dogs, automobiles, hunting, trapping, canine distemper, and of course, rabies (Mech et al 1968;Rosatte and MacInnes 1989;Riley et al 1998;Rosatte et al 1991;Rosatte 2000); however, the hunting season in this area was from 15 October to 31 December (OMNR 1996*), after Raccoon density was estimated in this study. Thus, trapping and hunting mortalities for the fall had yet to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Seasonal Home Ranges of Raccoons, <em>Procyon lotor</em>, Using a Common Feeding Site in Rural Eastern Ontario: Rabies Management Implications

Totton¹,

Rosatte

Tinline

et al. 2004

Can Field Nat

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. 2004. Seasonal home ranges of Raccoons, Procyon lotor, using a common feeding site in rural eastern Ontario: Rabies management implications. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(1): 65-71.Thirteen adult Raccoons (Procyon lotor) (six females, seven males) that fed at a garbage dump north of Kingston, Ontario were radio-tracked from 21 June to 16 October 1995 to assess their seasonal home ranges and movements. Average Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) summer and fall home ranges for the collared Raccoons were 78.4 ha (SD=46.2 ha) and 45.6 ha (SD=29.7 ha), respectively. Average grid cell summer and fall home ranges for the collared Raccoons were 143.3 ha (SD=40.0 ha) and 116.9 ha (SD=24.9 ha), respectively. Summer ranges of the Raccoons were significantly larger than fall ranges using both the MCP method (P=0.05) and the grid cell method (P=0.073). Yearling Raccoons travelled an average summer maximum distance from the dump of 2608 m (SD=1964, n=3), more than double the distance of adults (≥2 yr) at 1239 m (SD=547, n=10). The population density for the study area in late August 1995 was estimated at 1 Raccoon/12 ha based on an effective area surrounding the dump of 234 ha. Home range and movement data may be useful to design a strategy to control Raccoon rabies in Ontario.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Summer is the family rearing period when lactating mothers and their offspring travel together and it is also the main dispersal period for yearling males (Mech et al 1968;Fritzell 1978). Fall is a time when the juveniles may disperse and Raccoons prepare for the coming winter dormancy period (Shirer and Fitch 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Home Ranges of Raccoons, <em>Procyon lotor</em>, Using a Common Feeding Site in Rural Eastern Ontario: Rabies Management Implications

Totton¹,

Rosatte

Tinline

et al. 2004

Can Field Nat

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“…The longer headup time for juveniles compared to adults might be explained by a difference in sensitivity to drugs between age classes (Cline et al, 1969;Roughton, 1975). The seasonal differences in induction and head-up times are likely due to the difference in subcutaneous fat deposits, which are greater in autumn (Mech et al, 1968;Pitt et al, 2008). With thicker adipose tissue, there is a greater probability that some anesthetic will be injected into fat rather than muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Immobilization of Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) With Ketamine-Medetomidine Mixture and Reversal With Atipamezole

Robert

Garant

Pelletier

2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Safe and reliable capture techniques for wild animals are important for ecologic studies and management operations. We assessed the efficiency of ketamine-medetomidine (K:M) injection and reversal with atipamezole. We anesthetized 67 raccoons (Procyon lotor; 34 males, 33 females) 103 times (individuals captured between one and five times) from April 2009-October 2010 in Mont-Orford Provincial Park, Quebec, Canada. We administered a 1:1 mixture by volume of ketamine and medetomidine by intramuscular injection. Mean (6SD) induction times for males and females were 6.162.8 and 6.663.7 min, respectively. Mean induction time was 2 min longer for juveniles than for adults (7.863.9 and 5.862.9 min, respectively) and longer in autumn than in spring for adults (7.763.8 and 5.462.9 min, respectively). Recovery time after administration of atipamezole was 9.663.8 and 8.464.4 min for males and females, respectively. Recovery time was longer in spring than in autumn (10.264 and 7.463.8 min, respectively) for adults. Induction time increased by 166% after five captures of the same individual. Immobilization did not affect body mass, adult survival, or female reproductive success. We suggest the K:M mixture used is a safe and reliable method for anesthetizing raccoons in field conditions.

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“…This behavior is most apparent in summer and early fall when raccoons are building up fat stores in preparation for winter dormancy (Mech et al, 1968;Rosatte, 2000). A heightened potential exists for both intra-and interspecific contacts and, hence, rabies transmission to occur at concentrated food sources because large numbers of raccoons as well as other mammals may be attracted to them (Seidensticker et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Rates of Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) at a Communal Feeding Site in Rural Eastern Ontario

Totton¹,

Tinline

Rosatte

et al. 2002

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Intra-and interspecific contact rates of 12 adult (five females, seven males) raccoons (Procyon lotor) were recorded while these animals fed at a rural garbage dump 40 km north of Kingston, Ontario, Canada from 15 June to 5 September 1995. While raccoons were being observed, they bit, and were bitten, by their conspecifics an average of 0.99 (Ϯ0.21) and 1.28 (Ϯ0.21) times per hour, respectively, while feeding. Based on mean nightly contact rates (which included time when raccoons were not observed), raccoons bit one of their conspecifics once every 3 nights while feeding. The mean rate of bites made and received per hour for males was not significantly different from lactating females. There was no detectable difference between the mean rate of bites made and received per hour for raccoons which regularly versus occasionally fed at the dump. No interspecific contacts were observed, though raccoons and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) often fed at the dump concurrently. The contact rates in this study are the first to be calculated for raccoons directly from field data and will be useful as a point of reference for modeling rabies spread in raccoons in areas with similar site characteristics.

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Seasonal Weight Changes, Mortality, and Population Structure of Raccoons in Minnesota

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Seasonal Home Ranges of Raccoons, <em>Procyon lotor</em>, Using a Common Feeding Site in Rural Eastern Ontario: Rabies Management Implications

Seasonal Home Ranges of Raccoons, <em>Procyon lotor</em>, Using a Common Feeding Site in Rural Eastern Ontario: Rabies Management Implications

Chemical Immobilization of Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) With Ketamine-Medetomidine Mixture and Reversal With Atipamezole

Contact Rates of Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) at a Communal Feeding Site in Rural Eastern Ontario

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