Seasonality, abundance, species richness and specificity of the phytophagous guild of insects on oak (Quercus) canopies

Southwood, T. E. Richard; Wint, G. R. William; Kennedy, C. E. J.; Greenwood, S.

doi:10.14411/eje.2004.011

Cited by 103 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As with the phytophage guild (Southwood et al, 2004) the predator and parasitoid guild has a much higher species richness and abundance on the native species in the UK than on the introduced trees (Q. cerris and Q. ilex) (Tables 4 and 5), confirming at a congeneric level the general observation made by Southwood (1961), Connor et al (1980 and others that introduced hosts tend to support fewer arthropod species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…These 42 samples produced approximately 12,000 specimens, which were separated into orders, though as only the Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Psocoptera were identified to species, only a partial analysis was possible, and overall composition and guild composition were not assessed. Full details of the sampling methods are given in Southwood et al (2004). The names of those responsible for identifications are given in Appendix 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, which demonstrates that the number of both individuals and species exhibited the same general trend, peaking in summer and early autumn. However the pattern of biomass levels on the two native oak species in the UK was entirely different, with a sharp peak in early spring due mainly to lepidopterous caterpillars (Southwood et al, 2004 The large numbers of individuals on the introduced trees in the UK in June, July and August were mostly due to the high population of psocids (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Seasonal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The composition of the arthropod fauna of the canopies of some species of oak (Quercus)

Southwood¹,

Wint²,

Kennedy³

et al. 2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. 1. A study was made by knockdown sampling and branch clipping of the arthropod fauna of the canopy of two native oak species (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) and of two introduced species (Q. cerris and Q. ilex ) in woods near Oxford, UK, and of two native species (Q. pubescens and Q. ilex) in southern France. Sampling was undertaken for five years in the UK and for four years in France. All the specimens from the UK, except Acarina, Collembola and Nematocera were identified to species or, occasionally, to morphotype.2. In terms of overall numbers, species richness and biomass, the results for Q. robur and Q. petraea in the UK were very similar. Their samples contained over three times the biomass and nearly double the number of species compared with those from the introduced oak species (Q. cerris and Q. ilex).3. The ordinal composition was very similar on Q. robur and Q. petraea, and that on Q. cerris showed closer concordance to the composition of these trees than to that of Q. ilex in the UK. The ordinal composition of the faunas of the two native oak species in France showed closer concordance to each other than to any of the oak species in the UK. The proportion of Psocoptera was much higher in the UK, and that of Thysanoptera was higher in France.4. The guild composition in terms of numbers, species richness and biomass were closely correlated on Q. robur and Q. petraea, and on Q. robur in two different woods, which argues for an underlying determinism in the development of community structure. The guild composition on the introduced species (Q. cerris and Q. ilex) was most closely correlated when expressed as species richness.5. The similarity of the guild composition on the oak species in the UK in terms of the actual species found was tested by a modified Sørensen's Index. This showed that the guilds could be ranked in the following order of decreasing similarity: epiphyte fauna, tourists, scavengers, phytophages, parasitoids-predators.6. There were distinct seasonal patterns. In terms of species richness the values showed a general trend peaking in summer and early autumn, but biomass peaked in May on the native oak species, mainly due to Lepidopterous larvae. The ratio of prey to predator and parasitoid biomass had a distinct seasonal pattern, there being an excess of prey in May, but almost an equivalence throughout the rest of the season. This may reflect the high population of spiders in the late summer and autumn, which are likely to feed on tourists. Most classical ecosystem models do not allow for this latter important source of food that is not itself dependent on the communities' habitat.7. The epiphyte dwelling guild (principally grazing Psocoptera) was a major component of the fauna in terms of numbers on the evergreen Q. ilex in UK. This has been reported for other studies of evergreen species in temperate climates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The composition of the arthropod fauna of the canopies of some species of oak (Quercus)

Southwood¹,

Wint²,

Kennedy³

et al. 2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…In particular, post-fledging survival of late fledglings may be lower that of than early fledglings because food availability may decline during the breeding season, such as reported for temperate, deciduous forests (Feeny 1970;Southwood et al 2004;Both et al 2010). However, other ecosystems such as marshes harbor relatively high densities of arthropods throughout the season (Halupka et al 2008;Both et al 2010).…”

Section: Stage-dependent Survival In Relation To Fledging Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage-dependent survival in relation to timing of fledging in a migratory passerine, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe)

Oosten

Roodbergen

Versluijs³

et al. 2016

J Ornithol

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A better understanding of factors affecting population change is needed to explain declines of longdistance migrants. As juvenile survival is generally an important determinant of population dynamics, assessing whether juvenile survival is primarily affected either during the post-fledging stage on the natal site or during the migration and winter stages (migration-winter) is important for developing conservation strategies. Here, we assess variation in stage-dependent survival of juvenile Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe), a threatened passerine in northwestern Europe. We estimate apparent survival in a Dutch coastal breeding population based on frequent resightings during the whole breeding season. We show that post-fledging survival on the natal grounds was not clearly different from survival during migration-winter and that late fledging reduces survival during both post-fledging and migration-winter. It is unknown which factors are causal to lower survival of late-fledged juveniles and this hampers effective conservation. Meanwhile, conservation measures focusing on nest protection should increase average juvenile survival in the remaining small populations in the short term because the number of successfully fledged early juveniles should increase. Flüggewerden die Ü berlebenswahrscheinlichkeit sowohl in der Nachbrutzeit als auch während des Zuges und der Ü berwinterung verringert. Es ist unbekannt, welche Faktoren das geringere Ü berleben der spät ausgeflogenen Jungvögel bewirken, was einen effektiven Schutz erschwert. Mittlerweile führen Schutzmaßnahmen mit Fokus auf den Schutz von Nestern kurzfristig zu einem Anstieg der durchschnittlichen Ü berlebenswahrscheinlich der Jungvögel in den verbliebenen kleinen Populationen, da die Anzahl der erfolgreich ausgeflogenen frühen Jungvögel ansteigt.

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“…The insects that consume oak leaves constitute a taxonomically compact and ideal insect-plant system for testing several hypotheses of species coexistence and maintenance of biodiversity (Southwood et al, 2004). We established four stands in an oak forest on Mt Holomontas (Chalkidiki, Greece) in order to study such a system (i) in a small geographical area (ii) both on native and introduced species of oak in a (iii) deciduousevergreen continuum (Ne'eman, 1993) of oaks of (iv) different range types, (v) on eight species of three subgenera of Quercus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal partitioning in an assemblage of insect defoliators feeding on oak on a Mediterranean mountain

Kalapanida¹,

Petrakis²

2012

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Insects feeding on the foliage of oak were studied on a mountain where species of Mediterranean deciduous and evergreen oak coexist. There were 58 insect species (54 Lepidoptera, 1 Coleopteran and 3 Hymenoptera) belonging to twenty families in the assemblage feeding on eight species of Quercus, two of which are introduced from nearby regions. The overlap in occurrence in time and of feeding niches of the insects feeding on the foliage of the different species of oak was determined using the: (a) PooleRathcke method, which tests phenological overlap and (b) Petraitis method, which tests niche overlap. This indicated that insect families partition seasonal time in a random and the entire assemblage in a regular way. All groups of insects partitioned season randomly except for the pairs of monophagous-oligophagous and Palearctic-Eurosiberian species, which partition season regularly. Oak folivorous insects correctly perceive the three subgenera of oaks with the exception of the planted Q. robur pedunculiflora. The folivorous insects recorded on the Mediterranean evergreen oaks (subgenus Sclerophyllodrys) differ from those on the other two subgenera (Quercus and Cerris) and co-occurring deciduous trees. The hypothesis of complete general overlap is rejected for groups based on feeding specialization, zoogeographical categories and taxonomic families. The same was the case when the entire insect assemblage was considered. The percentage of specific niche overlap of the folivorous insects is low and greatest among the monophagous species (13.8%) and those with a Mediterranean distribution (15.4%). Voltinism is not very important for this assemblage and only seven species are bivoltine of which four fed on a different species of oak in the second generation. The overall conclusion is that the co-occurrence in space of these species is possible because they occur regularly at different times during the season whereas that of insect groups based on zoogeographical, taxonomic or feeding specialization are randomly dispersed in time.

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Seasonality, abundance, species richness and specificity of the phytophagous guild of insects on oak (Quercus) canopies

Cited by 103 publications

References 26 publications

The composition of the arthropod fauna of the canopies of some species of oak (Quercus)

The composition of the arthropod fauna of the canopies of some species of oak (Quercus)

Stage-dependent survival in relation to timing of fledging in a migratory passerine, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe)

Temporal partitioning in an assemblage of insect defoliators feeding on oak on a Mediterranean mountain

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