Seasonality and spatial heterogeneity of the surface ocean carbonate system in the northwest European continental shelf

Humphreys, Matthew; Kivimäe, Caroline; Woodward, E Malcolm S; Kitidis, Vassilis; McGrath, Triona; Hydes, D.J.; Greenwood, Naomi; Hull, Tom; Ostle, Clare; Pearce, David J.; Sivyer, D. B.; Stewart, Brian M.; Walsham, Pam; Painter, Stuart C.; McGovern, Evin; Harris, Carolyn; Griffiths, Alex M.; Smilenova, Angelina; Clarke, Jennifer S.; Davis, Clare E.; Sanders, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2018.02.005

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Figure 8 B shows the anti-correlation between temperature and pH with a decrease in pH as temperature increased from the North Sea into the Skagerrak Strait, as a consequence of the impact of temperature on the carbonate equilibrium constants [ 33 ]. Similar temperature driven influences on pH and pCO 2 have been demonstrated for waters of the North Sea [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

High Resolution pH Measurements Using a Lab-on-Chip Sensor in Surface Waters of Northwest European Shelf Seas

Rérolle

Achterberg

Ribas-Ribas

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are resulting in a reduction in seawater pH, with potential detrimental consequences for marine organisms. Improved efforts are required to monitor the anthropogenically driven pH decrease in the context of natural pH variations. We present here a high resolution surface water pH data set obtained in summer 2011 in North West European Shelf Seas. The aim of our paper is to demonstrate the successful deployment of the pH sensor, and discuss the carbonate chemistry dynamics of surface waters of Northwest European Shelf Seas using pH and ancillary data. The pH measurements were undertaken using spectrophotometry with a Lab-on-Chip pH sensor connected to the underway seawater supply of the ship. The main processes controlling the pH distribution along the ship’s transect, and their relative importance, were determined using a statistical approach. The pH sensor allowed 10 measurements h−1 with a precision of 0.001 pH units and a good agreement with pH calculated from a pair of discretely sampled carbonate variables dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) (e.g., pHDICpCO2). For this summer cruise, the biological activity formed the main control on the pH distribution along the cruise transect. This study highlights the importance of high quality and high resolution pH measurements for the assessment of carbonate chemistry dynamics in marine waters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

High Resolution pH Measurements Using a Lab-on-Chip Sensor in Surface Waters of Northwest European Shelf Seas

Rérolle

Achterberg

Ribas-Ribas

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…The water column of the NWES is strongly spatially and seasonally variable with respect to carbon stocks and flows. Strong interannual variability has also been observed in both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and air-sea CO 2 fluxes (Clargo et al, 2015;Hartman et al, 2018;Carr et al, 2018;Humphreys et al, 2018;Chaichana et al, 2019;Kitidis et al, 2019). Because of this variability and the patchy coverage of data (both in time and space), the water column was treated as a single box in the budget.…”

Section: Scope and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent NEMO-ERSEM (European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model) (Butenschön et al, 2016) output for the period 1990-2015 estimates an air to sea CO 2 flux of 2.9 Tmol year −1 which is consistent with this range. While there is consensus that the NWES as a whole is a net CO 2 sink, regional studies within the NWES have a wide range of per-unit area air-sea CO 2 flux estimates, with specific areas ranging from a weak source to a strong sink of CO 2 (Thomas et al, 2004;Borges et al, 2006;Laruelle et al, 2014;Hartman et al, 2018). Understanding the shelf uptake of CO 2 and the processes driving it are a key part of the shelf carbon budget and thus it is essential that surface ocean carbonate system measurements continue to be made and synthesized across the shelf , along with synoptic scale atmospheric and sea state observations.…”

Section: Atmospheric Co 2 Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOC occupies a further 2-5% with the remainder comprising a minor contribution from POC, PIC and macrofauna (Supplementary Material). Ranges of DIC, DOC, PIC and POC concentrations were based on measurements and model results (Buitenhuis et al, 1996;Weston et al, 2004;Thomas et al, 2005;Suratman et al, 2009;Salt et al, 2013;Poulton et al, 2014;Clargo et al, 2015;Hartman et al, 2018;Painter et al, 2018;Chaichana et al, 2019;Davis et al, 2019) and were multiplied by the volume of water on the shelf (9.91 × 10 13 m 3 , Wakelin et al, 2012) to give total carbon stocks. The non-DIC component of the pelagic carbon budget (approximately 6-16 Tmol) is large relative to coastal habitats (see section "Coastal habitats") and potentially sensitive to anthropogenic influence (see section "Responses of Carbon Stocks and Flows on the NWES to Future Changes").…”

Section: Pelagic Stocks and Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidification of the overlying water is also likely to result in decreasing benthic calcium carbonate saturation states, leading to carbonate dissolution and TA release (Doney et al, 2009;FIGURE 7 | Observations of increasing dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in summer in waters of the northern North Sea (orange) and southern North Sea (blue). Data 2001-2011 from Clargo et al (2015) and from 2015 from Hartman et al (2018). Vertical bars represent ± 1 standard deviation of the range of observed values across the survey areas.…”

Section: Increasing Atmospheric Co 2 and Ocean Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

et al. 2020

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A carbon budget for the northwest European continental shelf seas (NWES) was synthesized using available estimates for coastal, pelagic and benthic carbon stocks and flows. Key uncertainties were identified and the effect of future impacts on the carbon budget were assessed. The water of the shelf seas contains between 210 and 230 Tmol of carbon and absorbs between 1.3 and 3.3 Tmol from the atmosphere annually. Offshelf transport and burial in the sediments account for 60-100 and 0-40% of carbon outputs from the NWES, respectively. Both of these fluxes remain poorly constrained by observations and resolving their magnitudes and relative importance is a key research priority. Pelagic and benthic carbon stocks are dominated by inorganic carbon. Shelf sediments contain the largest stock of carbon, with between 520 and 1600 Tmol stored in the top 0.1 m of the sea bed. Coastal habitats such as salt marshes and mud flats contain large amounts of carbon per unit area but their total carbon stocks are small compared to pelagic and benthic stocks due to their smaller spatial extent. The large pelagic stock of carbon will continue to increase due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO 2 , with associated pH decrease. Pelagic carbon stocks and flows are also likely to be significantly affected by increasing acidity and temperature, and circulation changes but the net impact is uncertain. Benthic carbon stocks will be affected by increasing temperature and acidity, and decreasing oxygen concentrations, although the net impact of these interrelated changes on carbon stocks is uncertain and a major knowledge gap. The impact of bottom trawling on benthic carbon stocks Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 March 2020 | Volume 7 | Article 143Legge et al.Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf is unique amongst the impacts we consider in that it is widespread and also directly manageable, although its net effect on the carbon budget is uncertain. Coastal habitats are vulnerable to sea level rise and are strongly impacted by management decisions. Local, national and regional actions have the potential to protect or enhance carbon storage, but ultimately global governance, via controls on emissions, has the greatest potential to influence the long-term fate of carbon stocks in the northwestern European continental shelf.

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Feedback Mechanisms Between Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors on Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Over Tropical Coastal Waters

Sigid,

Yusup,

Swesi

et al. 2024

Earth Syst Environ

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Seasonality and spatial heterogeneity of the surface ocean carbonate system in the northwest European continental shelf

Cited by 13 publications

References 83 publications

High Resolution pH Measurements Using a Lab-on-Chip Sensor in Surface Waters of Northwest European Shelf Seas

High Resolution pH Measurements Using a Lab-on-Chip Sensor in Surface Waters of Northwest European Shelf Seas

Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

Feedback Mechanisms Between Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors on Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Over Tropical Coastal Waters

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