Seasonality in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus): Social facilitation by females

Schiml, Patricia A.; Mendoza, Sally P.; Saltzman, Wendy; Lyons, David M.; Mason, William A.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(96)00134-5

Cited by 55 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is also observed in socially housed females [Schiml et al, 1996]. In contrast, annual changes in individually housed males were dissociated from one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

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Annual physiological changes in individually housed squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

et al. 1999

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This study investigated whether annual changes in physiology occur in individually housed squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Physiological measures were monitored for 20 months. Over the course of the study, all individually housed males and females exhibited clear annual changes in gonadal and adrenal hormone levels, and males exhibited species‐typical changes in body weight. Females exhibited a typical pattern of hormonal changes, with elevations in gonadal steroids occurring during the same months as elevations in cortisol. Males, however, exhibited an atypical pattern, as elevations in hormone levels were not synchronized with each other; rather, elevations in testosterone occurred out of phase with changes in cortisol and body weight. The timing of annual events in individually housed subjects was compared to that in nearby social groups, in which the timing of the breeding season from year to year was determined by social group formations and was outside the naturally occurring breeding season. Elevations of ovarian and adrenocortical hormones in individually housed females were synchronized with indices of breeding in heterosexual social groups. Similarly, weight gain in males was associated with elevations in cortisol and, as with socially housed males, tended to precede seasonal breeding in the social groups. In contrast, annual testosterone elevations for individually housed males were not synchronized with breeding in nearby social groups. We conclude that direct physical interaction is not required for the annual expression of breeding readiness. Synchrony of seasonality among squirrel monkeys may be accomplished by distant social cues in females, but males may require physical interaction for complete synchrony of annual physiological changes. Am. J. Primatol. 47:93–103, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…This is also observed in socially housed females [Schiml et al, 1996]. In contrast, annual changes in individually housed males were dissociated from one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Data from Lyons et al [1994], Saltzman [1991], and Schiml et al [1996]. occurred [Schiml et al, 1996]) within these social groups occurred 12 and 24 months after group formations. As shown in Figure 1, gonadal hormones were elevated during these months relative to nonbreeding months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Annual physiological changes in individually housed squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

et al. 1999

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“…In most mammals, the primary glucocorticoid released is cortisol (Nigel, 2012). Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between cortisol concentration and seasonal variation (Bubenik et al, 1983;Schiml et al, 1996). In the present study, immunoreactive cortisol concentrations in Sichuan golden monkeys tended to fluctuate seasonally.…”

Section: Association Between Cortisol Concentration and Stress In Sicmentioning

confidence: 59%

Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Huang¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

Turk J Zool

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The Sichuan golden monkey is deserving of conservation and the welfare of this species is receiving increasing attention. However, it is difficult to identify physiological parameters for assessing its conservation status. In the present study, we employed noninvasive sampling methods and immunochemical assays to determine if measurements of cortisol and immunoglobulin in feces allowed monitoring of physiological status. The results indicated that the cortisol and immunoglobulin concentrations in feces could serve as biomarkers for monitoring stress and immune status, and that there was a relationship between stress and the immune response. A tendency toward seasonal fluctuation in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin concentrations emerged, indicating that these indices could be useful tools for monitoring the welfare of the monkey and could be used in the field of wildlife research.

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“…Seasonal changes in activity and responsiveness of the HPA axis have been reported in a number of species including humans (Walker et al 1997), primates (Schiml et al 1996), rodents (Boswell et al 1994) and fish (McLeese et al 1994). Evidence for a seasonal rhythm in adrenal activity or responsiveness in deer varies between species and studies, with seasonal changes reported in white-tailed deer (Bubenik et al 1983), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) (Nilssen et al 1985), axis deer (Axis axis) (Chapple et al 1991) and red deer (Suttie et al 1995, Cassidy 1996 but not in Eld's deer (Monfort et al 1993) or in another study on axis deer (Bubenik & Brown 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in cortisol secretion and adrenal responsiveness to ACTH and yarding in unrestrained red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags

Ingram

Crockford²,

Matthews³

1999

Journal of Endocrinology

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Seasonal changes in the activity and responsiveness of the adrenal gland in red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags were quantified by measuring 24 h endogenous cortisol secretory profiles and plasma cortisol responses to either administration of exogenous ACTH or a standardised stressor during November (period of velvet growth), February (pre-rut), April (mid-rut) and July (post-rut) (southern hemisphere) using a remote blood sampling device (DracPac).Ultradian rhythms in the concentration of plasma cortisol were observed resulting from the episodic secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex at a mean rate of 0·8 pulses/h. Circadian rhythms in plasma cortisol concentrations were also found in 11 out of the 20 complete 24 h profiles (mean amplitude, 3·8 1·4 ng/ml).Seasonal rhythms in mean 24 h plasma cortisol concentrations and cortisol pulse parameters were also observed. Mean 24 h plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in November (12·5 1·0 ng/ml) than in February (6·3 1·0 ng/ml), April (4·0 1·0 ng/ml) or July (4·2 1·0 ng/ml). Cortisol pulse height, nadir and amplitude were all significantly higher in November than at other times of the year (P<0·01).Peak cortisol concentrations following infusion of ACTH 1-24 (0·04 IU kg -1 ) were higher (P<0·05) in November (55·8 2·7 ng/ml) and lower (P<0·001) in April (33·7 1·8 ng/ml) than those in February and July (48·7 2·0 ng/ml and 45·4 2·0 ng/ml respectively). The area under the cortisol response curve was significantly smaller (P<0·05) in April (266·6 15·3 ng/ml/ 190 min) than at other times of the year (February, 366·1 15·3 ng/ml/190 min; July, 340·7 15·3 ng/ml/ 190 min and November, 387·8 21·2 ng/ml/190 min).These data demonstrate that the adrenal gland of the red deer stag exhibits ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in activity, and that its responsiveness to ACTH varies with season. November, a period of reproductive quiescence in the southern hemisphere, with new antler growth and rapid weight gain, is associated with higher mean plasma cortisol concentrations and a greater responsiveness to exogenous ACTH. In contrast, the breeding season is associated with lower adrenal activity and responsiveness.

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Seasonality in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus): Social facilitation by females

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

Annual physiological changes in individually housed squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Annual physiological changes in individually housed squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in cortisol secretion and adrenal responsiveness to ACTH and yarding in unrestrained red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags

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