Seasonality of foreign tourism in the Greek island of Crete

Donatos, George S.; Zairis, Possidon

doi:10.1016/0160-7383(91)90060-o

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Seasonality is a well-documented issue in the literature, particularly in relation to cold-water regions of Europe and North America (Aguiló and Sastre, 1984;Snepenger et al, 1990;Donatos and Zairis, 1991;Jeffrey, 1999;Kennedy, 1999;Baum and Lundtorp, 2001). Although the reasons for a signifi cant variation in demand are also well documented (the climate, institutional patterns like school or calendar holidays, lifestyles, special events, etc.…”

Section: Seasonality and Climatementioning

confidence: 96%

A study of the non‐economic determinants in tourism demand

Cho

2010

Journal of Tourism Research

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Traditionally, many studies have attempted to use economic demand models. This paper stresses on the infl uence of non-economic factors on tourism demand. Some researchers have suggested that tourists from different origins have various cultural and nationalistic backgrounds, and they may interpret visual imagery and experiences differently. Aligning with this suggestion, we have investigated different underlying factors of tourism demand from four continents (Asia, the Americas, Europe and Oceania). Statistical data are collected from international organisations and 135 countries were covered. Our results showed that there are differences and similarities among the factors in determining the tourism demand. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received 18 November 2008; Revised 25 June 2009; Accepted 30 June 2009 Keywords: tourism demand; non-economic determinants; holistic approach. INTRODUCTION International tourism today has social, cultural and political signifi cance, as well as substantial economic benefi ts. In the last 50 years, tourism has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world (Eadington and Redman, 1991; WTO, 1992). According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the number of international tourists worldwide increased from 25 million in 1950 to 160 million in 1970, 429 million in 1990, 689 million in 2001, 846 million in 2006 and 1.6 billion by 2020. International tourism has experienced an overwhelming boom over the last two decades and has now been called the largest industry in the world. As a result of the rise in the number of tourists, and the importance of the tourism sector for many countries which have begun to channel their resources into its development (Balaguer and CantavellaJorda, 2002), tourism demand analysis has become increasingly important.In general, the international tourism demand model, which is based on classical economic theory, is typically estimated as a function of tourists' income, tourism prices in a destination relative to those in the origin country, tourism prices in the competing destinations (i.e. substitute prices), exchange rates, transportation cost between destination and origin, as well as dummy variables on various special events and deterministic trends (e.g. Barry and O'Hagan, 1972;Loeb, 1982;Stronge and Redman, 1982;Uysal and Crompton, 1984;Smeral, 1988;Di Matteo and Di Matteo, 1993;Crouch, 1994;Lim, 1999;Croes, 2000;Vanegas and Croes, 2000;Song et al., 2003;Chu, 2004;Li et al., 2005; Song and Witt, 2006;Wong et al., 2007;Chu, 2008;Song and Li, 2008). It postulates that factors of income and price are likely to play a central role in determining the demand for international tourism. As international tourism is generally regarded to be a luxury commodity or service, it is not surprising that the study of such variables has dominated past research.There are three reasons why the discussed economic framework needed to be extended. First, from the consumers' perspective, travelling overseas is one of the man...

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Section: Seasonality and Climatementioning

confidence: 96%

A study of the non‐economic determinants in tourism demand

Cho

2010

Journal of Tourism Research

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“…Similarly, the seasonality of the Mediterranean and Greek tourism industry has always been a problem for the profitability of SMTEs, since enterprises operate only for a limited period (Jenner & Smith, 1993: 70;Drakatos, 1987;Donatos & Zairis, 1991). Attempts to promote winter tourism by developing cultural and special interest tourism in the islands and winter sports in several ski resorts in Greece have proved fairly unsuccessful (EIU, 1986: 56).…”

Section: Structural Problems Jeopardise the Profitability Of The Privmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism in Greece: Strategic Analysis and Challenges

Buhalis¹

2001

Current Issues in Tourism

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This paper provides a strategic analysis of the competitiveness of Greek tourism. It illustrates the importance of tourism as an economic activity and analyses the current situation and structural problems of Greece as a destination. Although Greece offers unique nature, culture and heritage, the lack of differentiation of the tourism product as well as competitive disadvantages in marketing and planning cause an over-dependence on intermediaries for the promotion and distribution of the tourism product whilst jeopardising its quality. This affects the profitability and competitiveness of both the destination and its small and medium-sized tourism enterprises. The paper proposes a grand strategy as well as numerous strategic directions, objectives and tasks aiming to demonstrate the way ahead for Greek tourism. Several major opportunities emerge through the Olympic Games in 2004 as well as the major projects currently being undertaken which will enhance the infrastructure of the country. It is argued that a consistent tourism policy based on professional development and implemented through a Master Plan is urgently required. Strategies and methodologies need to be identified, whilst private enterprises need to increase their cooperation locally in order to enhance the quality and competitiveness of the product.

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“…It also affects the diffusion of ICTs in SMTEs, as there is a lack of suitable policies that promote training for entrepreneurs and assistance in purchasing equipment and achieving global networking. • Global concentration of the tourism industry • Over-dependence on traditional intermediaries and tour operators • Failure of both the private and public sectors to learn from internationally gained experience in tourism development and marketing • Lack of professionalism in several levels Sources: Buhalis, 2001;Briassoulis, 1993;Donatos, and Zairis, 1991;Leontidou, 1991;Tsartas, 1992. …”

Section: Tourism In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

E-Tourism Developments in Greece: Information Communication Technologies Adoption for the Strategic Management of the Greek Tourism Industry

Buhalis¹,

Deimezi²

2004

Tourism and Hospitality Research

129

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Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have revolutionised the travel industry in the last decade. eTourism reflects the digitalisation of all processes and value chains in the tourism, travel, hospitality and catering industries. It emerges as a term describing the entire range of applications of ICTs on tourism and the implications for the tourism value chain. Major opportunities and challenges have emerged and need to be addressed by all industry players. However, the level of eTourism developments varies between regions, countries and continents. The key objective of this research has been to examine the eTourism developments in Greece as a country that is gradually embracing eCommerce . In particular the research examines the level of ICT diffusion in Small and Medium-sized Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) as well as whether the level of online presence is sufficient to cover for the lack of Destination Management System (DMS). Results indicate that the Greek online travel market is at the early stages of its eCommerce deployment but it demonstrates great potential for further eTourism developments. However, the low level of co-operation between SMTEs and the serious doubts about the ability of the National Tourism Organisation to co-ordinate the destination makes the prospect of a DMS development in Greece questionable. The research concludes that ICT-enabled local cooperation can potentially assist SMTEs to enhance their competitiveness and increase their global presence.

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Seasonality of foreign tourism in the Greek island of Crete

Cited by 56 publications

References 1 publication

A study of the non‐economic determinants in tourism demand

A study of the non‐economic determinants in tourism demand

Tourism in Greece: Strategic Analysis and Challenges

E-Tourism Developments in Greece: Information Communication Technologies Adoption for the Strategic Management of the Greek Tourism Industry

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