Seasonality of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), occurring sympatrically in area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani occur sympatrically in the district of Posse, municipality of Petrópolis, in the State of Rio de Janeiro (114 km from the city of Rio de Janeiro), where sand flies were captured weekly for three consecutive years in both the peridomicile and forest, in two first years from 18:00 to 22:00 h, using a Shannon trap and CDC light traps. The anthropophilic habit was assessed by recording the specimens that bit the human captors. Considering the different capture types and sites, the following species were identified: Brumptomyia brumpti, B. cardosoi, B. guimaraesi, Lutzomyia amarali, L. longipalpis, L. microps, L. costalimai, L. edwardsi, L. firmatoi, L. migonei, L. termitophila, L. tupynambai, L. fischeri, L. pessoai, L. lutziana, L. shannoni, L. barrettoi, L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. lloydi, and L. minasensis. L. intermedia (38.3%) and L. whitmani (38.6%) predominated. L. intermedia predominated in the peridomicile, where it displayed more intense anthropophily, while L. whitmani displayed greater density in the banana plantations and forest, preferential sites for biting humans. Studies on seasonality showed that while L. intermedia displayed greater density in the hottest months of the year (December, January, and February), L. whitmani was abundant in the coolest months (June, July, and August), although both occurred throughout the year

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

“…It is interesting that a higher number of males compared to females were observed, as occurred in previous studies (Aguiar et al 1996, Ximenes et al 1999, Souza et al 2002, Souza et al 2004, Resende et al 2006. The response to octenol seems to be species-specific, and it may act as an attractor to some species and as a repellent to others (Kemme et al 1993).…”

Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani s.l . (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939)(Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): geographical distribution and the epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil Mini-review

“…In addition to its extensive territorial distribution and association with very different vegetation types, as shown in the present study, L. (N.) whitmani s.l adapts to variable climatic conditions and, as a result, can be collected throughout the year. It appears to be most abundant, however, during the cooler months of June, July, and August (Souza et al 2002, Teodoro et al 2003. This indicates that it could be the species which most readily tolerates the drastic environmental changes found in areas devastated by man.…”

Espécies de Lutzomyia França (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) em área de Leishmaniose Tegumentar no município de Carmo, RJ

“…Estudos realizados no Rio de Janeiro registram o encontro no peridomicílio das duas primeiras espécies, praticando antropofilia e em densidade próxima (Souza et al 2002), enquanto que L. migonei ocorreu em densidade relativamente elevada junto com L. intermedia, em Jacarepaguá, RJ , o que não ocorreu em Carmo. Em relação às estações do ano, o verão apresentou densidade maior de L. intermedia (39,7%), corroborando os resultados de Souza et al (2002), enquanto a menor densidade ocorreu no inverno (11,7%), divergindo do assinalado em . A presença de machos (54,4%) foi maior que de fêmeas (45,6%), sendo a razão macho/fêmea 1,2:1,0, o que concorda com Barretto (1943) e Aguiar et al (1985).…”