Seasonality of pathogens causing community‐acquired pneumonia

Cillóniz, Catia; Ewig, Santiago; Gabarrús, Albert; Ferrer, Miquel; Casa, Jorge Puig de la Bella; Mensa, Josep; Torres, Antoni

doi:10.1111/resp.12978

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results demonstrate statistically significant differences in rates of diagnosis of pneumonia as well as pneumonia or respiratory infection specifically secondary to seasonal influenza, H. influenzae , or S. pneumoniae based on surgical timing, defined as the month in which CABG was performed. While seasonal variation in the incidence of community‐acquired pneumonia secondary to infection with the aforementioned pathogens has previously been described in the general population 13 and among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 14 we are the first to report seasonality in postoperative pulmonary complications and pneumonia following cardiac surgery. Although the absolute risk difference for pneumonia between our Fall/Winter and Spring/Summer cohorts was small, the rarity of our outcome diminishes the significance of this value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Seasonality of postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting: A national inpatient sample study

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The development of postoperative pneumonia following cardiac surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, seasonal variation as a risk factor for the development of postoperative pneumonia remains to be investigated. We sought to investigate whether patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during “flu season” (Fall and Winter months) at increased risk of postoperative pneumonia. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing CABG in the National Inpatient Sample between 2005 and 2015 was completed. Concomitant diagnosis of pneumonia was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were defined to include pneumonia secondary to several known pathogens. Outcomes with significant differences between Fall/Winter and Spring/Summer groups were further analyzed with additive time series decomposition. Odds ratios were generated and adjusted for age, sex, elective status, and 29 other Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality comorbidity measures. Results A total of 238 757 and 277 941 patients undergoing CABG during Fall/Winter and Spring/Summer, respectively, were identified. A significantly increased risk of postoperative pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.15) and infection with influenza (aOR = 4.08), Haemophilus influenzae (aOR = 1.40), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (aOR = 1.47) was observed among patients receiving CABG in Q1 (January‐March) compared to Q3 (July‐September). Conclusions There is a strong seasonality in the incidence of postoperative pneumonia after CABG which may persist across other cardiothoracic surgeries. In addition to optimizing infection control and perioperative care, cardiac surgeons should consider preoperative vaccination against seasonal influenza, H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae to improve outcomes among high‐risk patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Seasonality of postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting: A national inpatient sample study

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increased incidence of Gram‐negative bacteraemia has been reported in summer months and associated with elevated monthly outdoor temperatures . Community acquired pneumonia in contrast is more common in the spring and winter, as a result of the combination of circulating respiratory bacteria being more prevalent during colder seasons, and people spending more time indoors during colder months . Trauma is another potential predisposing factor for the development of AKI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal pattern of incidence and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury: A national study of Welsh AKI electronic alerts

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryObjectives: To identify any seasonal variation in the occurrence of, and outcome following Acute Kidney Injury. Methods:The study utilised the biochemistry based AKI electronic (e)-alert system established across the Welsh National Health Service to collect data on all AKI episodes to identify changes in incidence and outcome over one calendar year (1st October 2015 and the 30th September 2016).Results: There were total of 48 457 incident AKI alerts. The highest proportion of AKI episodes was seen in the quarter of January to March (26.2%), and the lowest in the quarter of October to December (23.3%, P < .001). The same trend was seen for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired AKI sub-sets. Overall 90 day mortality for all AKI was 27.3%. In contrast with the seasonal trend in AKI occurrence, 90 day mortality after the incident AKI alert was significantly higher in the quarters of January to March and October to December compared with the quarters of April to June and July to September (P < .001) consistent with excess winter mortality reported for likely underlying diseases which precipitate AKI. Conclusions:In summary we report for the first time in a large national cohort, a seasonal variation in the incidence and outcomes of AKI. The results demonstrate distinct trends in the incidence and outcome of AKI.

show abstract

“…Legionellosis follows a distinct seasonal pattern differing from that of other forms of pneumonia, 50 but mirroring that of many water-borne diseases with a peak incidence in the summer. 17 There is also an increase in incidence of cases caused by one species, L. longbeachae , in the spring in certain regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ten questions concerning the aerosolization and transmission of Legionella in the built environment

Prussin

Schwake

Marr

2017

Building and Environment

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Legionella is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria responsible for a serious disease known as legionellosis, which is transmitted via inhalation of this pathogen in aerosol form. There are two forms of legionellosis: Legionnaires' disease, which causes pneumonia-like symptoms, and Pontiac fever, which causes influenza-like symptoms. Legionella can be aerosolized from various water sources in the built environment including showers, faucets, hot tubs/swimming pools, cooling towers, and fountains. Incidence of the disease is higher in the summertime, possibly because of increased use of cooling towers for air conditioning systems and differences in water chemistry when outdoor temperatures are higher. Although there have been decades of research related to Legionella transmission, many knowledge gaps remain. While conventional wisdom suggests that showering is an important source of exposure in buildings, existing measurements do not provide strong support for this idea. There has been limited research on the potential for Legionella transmission through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Epidemiological data suggest a large proportion of legionellosis cases go unreported, as most people who are infected do not seek medical attention. Additionally, controlled laboratory studies examining water-to-air transfer and source tracking are still needed. Herein, we discuss ten questions that spotlight current knowledge about Legionella transmission in the built environment, engineering controls that might prevent future disease outbreaks, and future research that is needed to advance understanding of transmission and control of legionellosis.

show abstract

Seasonality of pathogens causing community‐acquired pneumonia

Abstract: CAP should not be regarded as a seasonal disease but occurs throughout all seasons. However, S. pneumoniae, influenza viruses, polymicrobial pneumonia and L. pneumophila are clearly subject to seasonal variations.

Cited by 52 publications

References 32 publications

Seasonality of postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting: A national inpatient sample study

Seasonality of postoperative pneumonia after coronary artery bypass grafting: A national inpatient sample study

Seasonal pattern of incidence and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury: A national study of Welsh AKI electronic alerts

Ten questions concerning the aerosolization and transmission of Legionella in the built environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About