Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

Moriyama, Miyu; Hugentobler, Walter; Iwasaki, Akiko

doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-012420-022445

Cited by 946 publications

(973 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…In particular, some recent studies provided credible evidence that subjects with vitamin D deficiency may be at significantly higher risk of developing respiratory tract infections [48]. As SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus primarily causing a respiratory viral infection [49], vitamin D insufficiency due to inadequate sunlight may occur, especially in those countries where food fortification has not been introduced [50]. As such, guidelines preventing the risk of vitamin D insufficiency seem advisable.…”

Section: Insufficient Sunlight Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

et al. 2020

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As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, an increasing number of countries and territories are adopting restrictive measures based on physical ("social") distancing, aimed at preventing human-to-human transmission and thereby limiting virus propagation. Nationwide lockdowns, encompassing mass quarantine under stay-at-home ordinances, have already been proven effective to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in some countries. Nevertheless, a prolonged homestay may also be associated with potential side effects, which may jeopardize people's health and thus must be recognized and mitigated in a way without violating local ordinances. Some of the most important undesirable consequences of prolonged homestay such as physical inactivity, weight gain, behavioral addiction disorders, insufficient sunlight exposure and social isolation will be critically addressed in this article, which also aims to provide some tentative recommendations for the alleviation of side effects.

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Section: Insufficient Sunlight Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

et al. 2020

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“…They are known to have the largest viral RNA genome and are composed of four genera (Cui et al, 2019). Generally, infection by coronaviruses results in mild respiratory tract symptoms and they are known to be one of the leading causes of the common cold (Moriyama et al, 2020;Paules et al, 2020). However, in the last 18 years, we have witnessed the emergence of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses: the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), the Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and, at the end of 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical role of type III interferon in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and spread in primary human intestinal epithelial cells

Stanifer

Kee

Cortese

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 is an unprecedented worldwide health problem that requires concerted and global approaches to better understand the virus in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches to stop the COVID-19 pandemic and to better prepare against potential future emergence of novel pandemic viruses. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets cells of the lung epithelium causing respiratory infection and pathologies, there is growing evidence that the intestinal epithelium is also infected. However, the importance of the enteric phase of SARS-CoV-2 for virus-induced pathologies, spreading and prognosis remains unknown.Here, using both colon-derived cell lines and primary non-transformed colon organoids, we engage in the first comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle in human intestinal epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that human intestinal epithelial cells fully support SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and production of infectious de-novo virus particles. Importantly, we identified intestinal epithelial cells as the best culture model to propagate SARS-CoV-2. We found that viral infection elicited an extremely robust intrinsic immune response where, interestingly, type III interferon mediated response was significantly more efficient at controlling SARS-CoV-2 replication and spread compared to type I interferon.Taken together, our data demonstrate that human intestinal epithelial cells are a productive site of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suggest that the enteric phase of SARS-CoV-2 may participate in the pathologies observed in COVID-19 patients by contributing in increasing patient viremia and by fueling an exacerbated cytokine response.

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“…[12] Colder climate and prior exposure to other human coronaviruses, or influenza or flu viruses or possible vaccination against those might develop antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of immunological responses during recent SARS CoV-2 exposure. ADE might have modulated immune response and could elicit sustained inflammation, lymphopenia, and/or cytokine storm [13,14]. Possibly, that could be one of the reasons (more history of exposure with CoVs beside weaker immune system) for older people being more affected by the present SARS CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics based epitope screening in SARS CoV-2 (COVID 19) spike glycoprotein by Immuno-informatic analysis aiming to a suitable vaccine development

Banerjee¹,

Santra²,

Maiti³

2020

Preprint

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The recent outbreak by SARS-CoV-2 has generated a chaos in global health and economy and claimed/infected a large number of lives. Closely resembling with SARS CoV, the present strain has manifested exceptionally higher degree of spreadability, virulence and stability possibly due to some unidentified mutations. The viral spike glycoprotein is very likely to interact with host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmits its genetic materials and hijacks host machinery with extreme fidelity for self propagation. Few attempts have been made to develop a suitable vaccine or ACE2 blocker or virus-receptor inhibitor within this short period of time.Here, attempt was taken to develop some therapeutic and vaccination strategies with a comparison of spike glycoproteins among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the SARS-CoV-2. We verified their structure quality (SWISS-MODEL, Phyre2, Pymol) topology (ProFunc), motifs (MEME Suite, GLAM2Scan), gene ontology based conserved domain (InterPro database) and screened several epitopes (SVMTrip) of SARS CoV-2 based on their energetics, IC50 and antigenicity with regard to their possible glycosylation and MHC/paratopic binding (Vaxigen v2.0, HawkDock, ZDOCK Server) effects. We screened here few pairs of spike protein epitopic regions and selected their energetic, IC50, MHC II reactivity and found some of those to be very good target for vaccination. A possible role of glycosylation on epitopic region showed profound effects on epitopic recognition. The present work might be helpful for the urgent development of a suitable vaccination regimen against SARS CoV-2.

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Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

Cited by 946 publications

References 126 publications

Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Critical role of type III interferon in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and spread in primary human intestinal epithelial cells

Energetics based epitope screening in SARS CoV-2 (COVID 19) spike glycoprotein by Immuno-informatic analysis aiming to a suitable vaccine development

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