Seasonality of thermophilic Campylobacter populations in chickens

Wallace, Jack; Stanley, K. N.; Currie, JL; Diggle, Peter J.; Jones, Keith

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb02854.x

Cited by 68 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The numbers of campylobacters in the caeca of poultry was found by Wallace et al (1997) to vary considerably with season, with the highest numbers occurring in the months of June and July, reaching over 10 12 /g of feces in the caeca. The lowest numbers (1 x 10 7 )/g in the caeca occurred in November.…”

Section: Campylobacters Associated With Farm and Domesticated Animalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Campylobacter jejuni: A Review of its Characteristics, Pathogenicity, Ecology, Distribution, Subspecies Characterization and Molecular Methods of Detection

Levin

2007

Food Biotechnology

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Campylobacter jejuni is considered to be the leading cause of enteric illness in the United States and other industrialized nations, causing mild to severe symptoms including serious infections of the extremities and permanent neurological symptoms. The organism is a cytochrome oxidase positive, microaerophilic, curved Gram-negative rod exhibiting corkscrew motility and is carried in the intestine of many wild and domestic animals, particularly avian species including poultry, where the intestine is colonized resulting in healthy animals as carriers. Wildlife have long been considered an infectious reservoir for campylobacters because of their close association with and contamination of surface waters. This review deals with the areas of: phenotypic characteristics of C. jejuni and related human pathogenic species of Campylobacter, their ecological distribution, virulence factors, isolation of C. jejuni from foods, serotyping of Campylobacter isolates, bacteriophage typing, molecular methods of detecting and typing campylobacters, the viable but nonculturable state of campylobacters, the coccoid form of C. jejuni and immunomagnetic capture of C. jejuni.

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Section: Campylobacters Associated With Farm and Domesticated Animalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Campylobacter jejuni: A Review of its Characteristics, Pathogenicity, Ecology, Distribution, Subspecies Characterization and Molecular Methods of Detection

Levin

2007

Food Biotechnology

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“…The major peak in isolates in broiler chickens corresponds to a lesser second peak in humans seen in some countries, although this latter peak has also been associated with travel-related infections. Seasonal peaks in isolates in lambs, cattle and sewage generally appear 1-2 months prior to the peak in human infections indicating that this may be an important route of transmission (Stanley et al 1998a, b;Wallace et al 1997Wallace et al , 1998. However, it is possible that observed rates in animal reservoirs are biased by differences in surveillance intensity throughout the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…No seasonal variation was observed either in the prevalence of positive flocks, or in the percentage of birds infected in one area of the UK (Humphrey et al 1993). However, one study found a summer peak in the prevalence of positive flocks and in the number of isolates in Lancashire, UK (Wallace et al 1997). In Denmark, seasonal peaks in the prevalence of campylobacters in broiler chickens coincided with the seasonal pattern of human campylobacteriosis (Wedderkopp et al 2000(Wedderkopp et al , 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climate variability and campylobacter infection: an international study

et al. 2004

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Campylobacter is among the most important agents of enteritis in developed countries. We have described the potential environmental determinants of the seasonal pattern of infection with campylobacter in Europe, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Specifically, we investigated the role of climate variability on laboratory-confirmed cases of campylobacter infection from 15 populations. Regression analysis was used to quantify the associations between timing of seasonal peaks in infection in space and time. The short-term association between weekly weather and cases was also investigated using Poisson regression adapted for time series data. All countries in our study showed a distinct seasonality in campylobacter transmission, with many, but not all, populations showing a peak in spring. Countries with milder winters have peaks of infection earlier in the year. The timing of the peak of infection is weakly associated with high temperatures 3 months previously. Weekly variation in campylobacter infection in one region of the UK appeared to be little affected by short-term changes in weather patterns. The geographical variation in the timing of the seasonal peak suggests that climate may be a contributing factor to campylobacter transmission. The main driver of seasonality of campylobacter remains elusive and underscores the need to identify the major serotypes and routes of transmission for this disease.

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“…Results of the analysis showed a strong seasonal effect for all 3 sampling points (P < 0.001), with the greatest prevalence in the third quarter of the year (Figure 2). Seasonal variation for Campylobacter with peaks in the summer and fall has also been found by others (Wallace et al, 1997;van der Zee et al, 2005;McCrea et al, 2006;Meldrum et al, 2006;van de Giessen et al, 2006). Human Campylobacter infections in the EU also follow a seasonal pattern with peaks in wk 22 and 23.…”

Section: Trend Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

Campylobacter Prevalence in the Broiler Supply Chain in the Netherlands

et al. 2008

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After a national control program, data on Campylobacter prevalence in the broiler supply chain in the Netherlands were gathered for 3 sampling points: departure of broiler farm and arrival and departure of the slaughterhouse. Monitoring data from this control program for 2002 to 2005 were analyzed to find correlations and possible trends in the data. As expected, the greatest correlations were found between adjacent sampling points. A high correlation was expected between number of animals slaughtered and Campylobacter prevalence, because it is assumed that larger companies will have greater hygiene standards due to better implication of food safety regulations. However, statistical analysis showed that there was no clear correlation between company size and Campylobacter prevalence. Data analysis further identified an increasing trend in Campylobacter prevalence at departure of slaughterhouse from 2002 to 2005 with strong seasonality at all 3 sampling points. Measures to control Campylobacter, therefore, need to be reconsidered and possibly intensified to achieve a reduction in Campylobacter positives.

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Seasonality of thermophilic Campylobacter populations in chickens

Cited by 68 publications

References 29 publications

Campylobacter jejuni: A Review of its Characteristics, Pathogenicity, Ecology, Distribution, Subspecies Characterization and Molecular Methods of Detection

Campylobacter jejuni: A Review of its Characteristics, Pathogenicity, Ecology, Distribution, Subspecies Characterization and Molecular Methods of Detection

Climate variability and campylobacter infection: an international study

Campylobacter Prevalence in the Broiler Supply Chain in the Netherlands

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