Seat Belt Use in States and Territories with Primary and Secondary Laws -- United States, 2006

Beck, Laurie F.; Shults, Ruth A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2009.09.004

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The effectiveness of changes in social norms and strong enforcement is evident in changes in safety belt use when there was no law compared to secondary, and to primary enforcement plus public campaigns to alter attitudes and expectations (Beck & Shults, 2009; Shults & Beck, 2012); however, despite big increases, teenagers have among lowest use rates (Williams & Tefft, 2014). The high effectiveness of red-light cameras in reducing red-light running is another example (Retting, Ferguson, & Farmer, 2008; Retting, Ferguson, & Hakkert, 2003; Shin & Washington, 2007); however, the effects of this approach has not been studied in young drivers, per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer passenger norms and pressure: Experimental effects on simulated driving among teenage males

Bingham

Simons-Morton

Pradhan

et al. 2016

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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Objective Serious crashes are more likely when teenage drivers have teenage passengers. One likely source of this increased risk is social influences on driving performance. This driving simulator study experimentally tested the effects of peer influence (i.e., risk-accepting compared to risk-averse peer norms reinforced by pressure) on the driving risk behavior (i.e., risky driving behavior and inattention to hazards) of male teenagers. It was hypothesized that peer presence would result in greater driving risk behavior (i.e., increased driving risk and reduced latent hazard anticipation), and that the effect would be greater when the peer was risk-accepting. Methods Fifty-three 16- and 17-year-old male participants holding a provisional U.S., State of Michigan driver license were randomized to either a risk-accepting or risk-averse condition. Each participant operated a driving simulator while alone and separately with a confederate peer passenger. The simulator world included scenarios designed to elicit variation in driving risk behavior with a teen passenger present in the vehicle. Results Significant interactions of passenger presence (passenger present vs. alone) by risk condition (risk-accepting vs. risk-averse) were observed for variables measuring: failure to stop at yellow light intersections (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR)=2.16; 95% Confidence Interval [95CI]=1.06, 4.43); higher probability of overtaking (IRR=10.17; 95CI=1.43, 73.35); shorter left turn latency (IRR=0.43; 95CI=0.31,0.60); and, failure to stop at an intersection with an occluded stop sign (IRR=7.90; 95CI=2.06,30.35). In all cases, greater risky driving by participants was more likely with a risk-accepting passenger versus a risk-averse passenger present and a risk-accepting passenger present versus driving alone. Conclusions Exposure of male teenagers to a risk-accepting confederate peer passenger who applied peer influence increased simulated risky driving behavior compared with exposure to a risk-averse confederate peer passenger or driving alone. These results are consistent with the contention that variability in teenage risky driving is in part explained by social influences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer passenger norms and pressure: Experimental effects on simulated driving among teenage males

Bingham

Simons-Morton

Pradhan

et al. 2016

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, people are required to wear seatbelts; the water system is fluoridated; children must be immunized before attending school; and taxes are levied on cigarettes and alcohol. These policies have been highly cost-effective in improving public health (White, Koplan, & Orenstein, 1985;Beck & Shults, 2009;Callinan, Clarke, Doherty, & Kelleher, 2010;Elder et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Need To Address Obesity Through Public Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for public policies to promote healthier food consumption: A comment on Wansink and Chandon (2014)

2014

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Current approaches to addressing obesity have fallen short. This is largely due to the many environmental forces that undermine people's self‐regulatory capacity to be personally responsible for their food choices. Novel insights from the social sciences are needed to inform voluntary, health‐promoting actions by companies, institutions, and citizens as well as the design of public health policies. Voluntary interventions that rely on nudges should complement traditional public health strategies such as taxation and restriction of child‐targeted marketing in schools. In this commentary, we discuss four food policy issues that would benefit from consumer psychology research: (a) the restriction of food marketing to children, (b) provision of nutrition information through food labels, (c) improving school food environments, and (d) placing limits on portion sizes. Identifying effective solutions for obesity will require approaches that integrate psychological, public health, and legal perspectives and methods.

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“…19 In order to palliate this situation, the automobile industry has developed different safety measures such as the seatbelts, which reduce mortality risk and serious injury in case of collision. 20 Some security measures are complementary, such as the use of airbags along with seatbelts; it is known that the use of airbags without concomitant use of the seatbelt has been related to cervical injuries. 21 Seatbelt use has also been related to an increased incidence of cervical lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the characteristics of the patient with a spinal cord injury changing?

et al. 2013

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Seat Belt Use in States and Territories with Primary and Secondary Laws -- United States, 2006

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Peer passenger norms and pressure: Experimental effects on simulated driving among teenage males

Peer passenger norms and pressure: Experimental effects on simulated driving among teenage males

The need for public policies to promote healthier food consumption: A comment on Wansink and Chandon (2014)

Are the characteristics of the patient with a spinal cord injury changing?

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