Seat belts in pregnancy.

Pearce, Malcolm

doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6827.586

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Always wear a full seatbelt 22 . This accords with other published recommendations 3,15,20,28–31 . This positioning was initially adopted following case reports of injuries sustained when the lapbelt component was placed across the gravid abdomen 9,32,33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Over half of the respondents could not identify the correct position for both components of a three‐point seatbelt. Other studies have shown that up to 22% of women were purposefully wearing the lap belt portion over the pregnant abdomen 5,19,30 . There was a significant difference in correct placement of the seatbelt between those that recalled receiving advice or information and those who had received no instruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Car seatbelts in pregnancy: the practice and knowledge of pregnant women remain causes for concern

Johnson¹,

Pring²

2000

BJOG

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ObjectiveDesign A structured questionnaire. Setting District hospital antenatal clinic.Participants Two hundred pregnant women attending for their routine mid-pregnancy anomaly scan. Main outcome measuresTo evaluate current knowledge and practice among pregnant women about the use of car restraint systems during pregnancy.The women were asked about seatbelt and airbag usage, source of information about restraint systems and the legal requirements and recommendations regarding car safety systems.One hundred fifty-nine women (80%) completed the questionnaire. Ninety-eight percent wore seatbelts in the front, 68% wore seatbelts in the back of a car, 48% correctly identified where to place the seatbelt and 37% had received information on seatbelt use while pregnant. The latter were more likely to correctly position their restraints than those who had received no information ( P = 0.03). Thirty-nine percent had an airbag system fitted and one woman had de-activated it. Fifty-eight percent were aware seatbelt use was a legal requirement for driver and passengers when fitted.Many pregnant women are ignorant of the correct usage of seatbelts, their positioning and legal requirements. This puts their own wellbeing, and that of the fetus, at risk. Women should receive written instructions and advice from well informed health professionals and be encouraged always to wear a correctly positioned seatbelt. Education increases compliance and correct usage. Results Conclusions INTRODUCTIONLavenne developed the seatbelt in France in 1903 for use in aeroplanes and it was adopted for use in motor racing. From this approach evolved the standard threepoint restraint fitted in automobiles today'. Accident investigation in a research work published by De Haven entitled 'Injuries and death by car collision' in the 1950s identified that in 25% of serious accidents, death was caused by ejection from the car'. Adoption of the threepoint seatbelt has decreased deaths from road traffic accidents by 45% and moderate to critical injuries by 50%2. It became a statutory requirement to use seatbelts in the UK in 1983 in the front seats, and rear seats in 1991. The Department of Transport estimated that 200 lives and 7000 serious injuries a year are avoided by the compulsory use of seatbelts in front seats and that 100 deaths a year and 1000 major injuries are prevented when rear seatbelts are used in conjunction with front seat belts3. 644Trauma from motor accidents occurs in 2%-3% of pregnancies, 90% of which are of a minor nature. Fetal loss is reported as occurring in 1 %-3%46 and pregnancy outcome appears related to seatbelt use in a car accident7-12. In 1971, Crosby et al. reported that the major cause of fetal death in an accident was maternal death and this was significantly reduced by wearing a seatbelt. Fetal survival was improved if a three-point seatbelt rather than a lapbelt alone was ~o r n~, '~, '~.The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued guidelines on seatbelt usage for pregnant women in 199115. Subsequent ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Car seatbelts in pregnancy: the practice and knowledge of pregnant women remain causes for concern

Johnson¹,

Pring²

2000

BJOG

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“…In 1992 Amartya Sen calculated that 37 million women were ‘missing’ in India [2]. The UN in 2001 estimated that there were 44 million missing women in India [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing Girls in India: Infanticide, Feticide and Made-to-Order Pregnancies? Insights from Hospital-Based Sex-Ratio-at-Birth over the Last Century

et al. 2008

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BackgroundThere are 44 million missing women in India. Gender bias; neglect of girls, infanticides and feticides are responsible. The sex ratio at birth can be used to examine the influence of antenatal sex selection on the sex ratio.Materials and MethodsRecords from 321,991 deliveries at one hospital over 11 decades were utilized. The middle year in each decade was taken as representative of the decade. Data from 33,524 deliveries were then analyzed. Data for each decade was combined with that of previous decades and compared to the data of subsequent decades to look for any change in the trend. Sex ratio in the second children against sex of the first child was studied separately.ResultsThe mean sex ratio for the 110 years examined was 910 girls to 1000 boys (95% CI; 891 to 930). The sex ratio dropped significantly from 935 (CI: 905 to 967) before 1979, to 892 (CI: 868 to 918) after 1980 (P = 0.04). The sex ratio in the second child was significantly lower if the first child was a girl [716 (CI: 672 to 762] (P<0.001). On the other hand, there was an excess of girls born to mothers whose first child was boy [1140 girls per 1000 boys (CI: 1072 to 1212 P<0.001)].ConclusionsThe sex ratio fell significantly after 1980 when ultra sound machines for antenatal sex determination became available. The sex ratio in second children if the first was a girl was even lower. Sex selective abortions after antenatal sex determination are thus implicated. However data on second children especially the excess of girls born to mothers who have a previous boy seen in the decade before the advent of antenatal ultra sound machines, suggests that other means of sex selection are also used.

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“…In fact, it is reported that the management of women surviving road traffic accidents is mainly concerned with resuscitating the mother, as this is also the best means of resuscitating the fetus. 10 pregnancy outcome was uneventful in 5 of the 8 mothers with motorcycle accidents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pregnancy outcome in women involved in road traffic accidents in Sokoto

Ekele¹,

Nnadi²,

Shehu³

2010

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research

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Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are common in Nigeria. Pregnant mothers could be involved in such accidents and this might affect pregnancy outcome. Method: A retrospective analysis of pregnant mothers admitted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria because of road traffic accidents between January 1998 and December, 2002, was undertaken to determine the incidence, type of injury and pregnancy outcome. Results: One hundred and forty nine women admitted because of major injuries sustained after road traffic accidents. Twelve (8%) of these women were pregnant at the time of the accident. Gestational age ranged from 16 to 38 weeks. Fall from commercial motorcycles was the most common accident with deep lacerations and long bone fractures. Obstetric complication included abruptio placentae and premature uterine contractions. There was normal delivery in 9 patients, 2 stillbirths and one moth with head injury died undelivered. Conclusion: Early consult with appropriate obstetric intervention was associated with good foetal and maternal outcome. The emergency duty doctor should always think of the possibility of a co-existing pregnancy whenever managing any woman within the reproductive age group involved in RTAs.

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Seat belts in pregnancy.

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Car seatbelts in pregnancy: the practice and knowledge of pregnant women remain causes for concern

Car seatbelts in pregnancy: the practice and knowledge of pregnant women remain causes for concern

Missing Girls in India: Infanticide, Feticide and Made-to-Order Pregnancies? Insights from Hospital-Based Sex-Ratio-at-Birth over the Last Century

Pregnancy outcome in women involved in road traffic accidents in Sokoto

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