Seawater Inhibition of Nitrite Toxicity to Chinook Salmon

Crawford, Richard E.; Allen, George H.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<105:siontt>2.0.co;2

Cited by 97 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The positive effect of chloride for fish tolerance to nitrites has been demonstrated in other studies in fish (SVOBODOVÁ et al, 1987;HILMY, 1987;ATWOOD et al, 2001;HUERTAS et al, 2002;TAVARES and BOYD, 2003;FULLER et al, 2003) and for crayfish (JEBERG and JENSEN, 1994;BEITINGER and HUEY, 1981). CRAWFORD and ALLEN (1977) showed that toxicity of nitrite depended on water salinity. In seawater, 50-100 times lower mortality was observed than in fresh water in same concentration of nitrite.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Of Sodium Nitrite for Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes Limosus Raf.) the Effect of Chloride Content in Water on the Toxicity

Kozák

Máchová

Policar

2005

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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Toxicity of sodium nitrite for the spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) was assessed in relation to the concentration of chlorides diluted in water. Results of the tests confirmed a favourable effect of chloride content in water on the tolerance of spiny-cheek crayfish to nitrites. The 96hLC 50 value of 4.8 mg l -1 , 17.7 mg l -1 , 34.7 mg l -1 , 50.5 mg l -1 , 74.4 mg l -1 , and 96.6 mg l -1 N-NO 2 -found out in individual tests corresponded, respectively to a chloride content of 11, 40, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l -1 Cl -in diluting water. Linear relationship of the 96hLC 50 values on chloride concentration (y = 0.23 ×+ 7) was proven statistically (R = 0.995).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Of Sodium Nitrite for Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes Limosus Raf.) the Effect of Chloride Content in Water on the Toxicity

Kozák

Máchová

Policar

2005

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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“…One of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish is considered chloride concentration in water, i.e., nitrite toxicity decreases with increasing chloride concentration (Crawford and Allen, 1977;Lewis and Morris, 1986;Pistekova et al, 2005). The reason for such a positive effect of chlorides can be found in the mechanism of ion uptake in the gills of freshwater fish.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Kroupová¹,

Máchová²,

Svobodová³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med.

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The aim of the study was to assess the ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning and to distinguish the difference in nitrite poisoning of carp at two different chloride concentrations in water. Two groups of carp (group 1 and 2) were exposed to environmental nitrite concentration of 1.45 mmol/l NO2– at different chloride concentrations (group 1: 0.31 mmol/l Cl– and group 2: 3.73 mmol/l Cl–) for 48 hours. After that, they were transferred into nitrite-free water. In the group 1 mortality of 51% occurred during nitrite exposure and further 11% mortality was observed after 24 h in nitrite free water. No mortality occurred in group 2 and control. Nitrite and methaemoglobin concentrations (MetHb) markedly increased in group 1 (plasma: 10.5 ± 1.90 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 3.5 ± 1.15 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 1.5 ± 0.37 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 93 ± 6.1%) compared with control (plasma: 0.05 ± 0.04 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 0.02 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 3 ± 2.9%). After 24 h in nitrite-free water, the values mildly decreased but not significantly (plasma: 5.1 ± 1.49 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 1.8 ± 0.65 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.8 ± 0.23 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 84 ± 11.2%). After next 120 h the values decreased significantly and were compared with those found in the control group (traces of nitrite, MetHb: 3 ± 2.1%). Nitrite exposure caused also increase in plasma K+ (3.8 ± 0.29 mmol/l), ammonia (230 ± 92 µmol/l), urea (1.7 ± 0.28 mmol/l) and uric acid concentration (66 ± 54 µmol/l) in group 1. On the other hand, values of haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were markedly lower than control values. Most changes were corrected by the end of the recovery period, only plasma potassium concentration dropped bellow the control values. Nearly no changes were found in the group 2 compared with the control during the whole experiment duration. This shows the positive effect of chlorides on the fish resistance against nitrites.

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“…Wang et al (2006) (Voslářová et al 2006) or in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (Crawford and Allen 1977). Svobodová et al (2005) have suggested some measures that should be done to prevent nitrite poisoning in fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important factor influencing nitrite toxicity is the concentration of chloride ions in water. Many authors proved in their studies the protective impact of chloride ions against intoxication of nitrites (Crawford and Allen 1977;Lewis and Morris 1986;Pištěková et al 2005;Voslářová et al 2006;Wang et al 2006;Weirich and Riche 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite toxicity assessment in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

et al. 2011

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Nitrite is a natural component of the nitrogen cycle in the environment. Although it usually occurs in low concentrations, elevated concentrations caused by effluents or affected nitrification process can lead to serious health deterioration of fish. Two aquarium fish zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata) are recommended to use as model organisms in toxicity tests. However, their sensitivity to nitrite can differ. The aim of this study was to define acute toxicity of nitrite by the semistatic method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test). The series of 4 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The 96hLC50 NO 2 -value for D. rerio and P. reticulata was 242.55 ± 15.79 mg·l -1 and 30.2 ± 8.74 mg·l -1 , respectively. We have proved significant difference (p < 0.05) in sensitivity between D. rerio and P. reticulata. The results showed different sensitivities to nitrites in tested fish species, which could be related to species-specific branchial chloride uptake mechanism. This is the first study on this fish species. Acute toxicity, NO 2 -

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Seawater Inhibition of Nitrite Toxicity to Chinook Salmon

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Of Sodium Nitrite for Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes Limosus Raf.) the Effect of Chloride Content in Water on the Toxicity

Of Sodium Nitrite for Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes Limosus Raf.) the Effect of Chloride Content in Water on the Toxicity

The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Nitrite toxicity assessment in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

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