Seawater intrusion into groundwater and its impact on irrigation and agriculture: Evidence from the coastal region of West Bengal, India

Sarkar, Biplab; Islam, Aznarul; Majumder, Arunabha

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101751

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Additionally, the degree of salinity hazards (EC and PS) in the tested GW decreased as the degree of SWI decreased ( Figure 4 ). These results are consistent with those of previous studies conducted in the coastal regions of India and Egypt [ 21 , 22 ]. Both studies found that the salinity hazards of irrigation water increased in conjunction with the extent of seawater incursion into the region.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Several water quality indices, such as EC, PS, SAR, Na%, KR, MAR, and PI, have been widely used to analyze the water quality and its degree of suitability for irrigation purposes in various situations [ 22 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. These indices reflect several hazards, including salinity, sodium, magnesium, and carbonate in irrigated soils and crops.…”

Section: Proposed Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, seawater intrudes into coastal aquifers, changing GW salinity and quality to a level at which water becomes unsuitable for human consumption and agricultural use [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. SWI is the main threat to GW in more than 501 coastal cities worldwide [ 10 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and several studies have addressed SWI and GW quality in coastal regions [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Ko et al (2021) [ 24 ] studied the impact of SWI on the GW quality in Htantabin Township, Myanmar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Seawater Intrusion on the Groundwater Quality of Multi-Layered Aquifers in Eastern Saudi Arabia

2023

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The degradation of groundwater (GW) quality due to seawater intrusion (SWI) is a major water security issue in water-scarce regions. This study aims to delineate the impact of SWI on the GW quality of a multilayered aquifer system in the eastern coastal region of Saudi Arabia. The physical and chemical properties of the GW were determined via field investigations and laboratory analyses. Irrigation indices (electrical conductivity (EC), potential salinity (PS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Na%, Kelly’s ratio (KR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), and permeability index (PI)) and a SWI index (fsea) were obtained to assess the suitability of GW for irrigation. K-mean clustering, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the relationship between irrigation hazard indices and the degree of SWI. The tested GW samples were grouped into four clusters (C1, C2, C3, and C4), with average SWI degrees of 15%, 8%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. The results showed that the tested GW was unsuitable for irrigation due to salinity hazards. However, a noticeable increase in sodium and magnesium hazards was also observed. Moreover, increasing the degree of SWI (fsea) was associated with increasing salinity, sodium, and magnesium, with higher values observed in the GW samples in cluster C1, followed by clusters C2, C3, and C4. The correlation analysis and PCA results illustrated that the irrigation indices, including EC, PS, SAR, and MAR, were grouped with the SWI index (fsea), indicating the possibility of using them as primary irrigation indices to reflect the impact of SWI on GW quality in coastal regions. The results of this study will help guide decision-makers toward proper management practices for SWI mitigation and enhancing GW quality for irrigation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Proposed Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Seawater Intrusion on the Groundwater Quality of Multi-Layered Aquifers in Eastern Saudi Arabia

2023

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“…The resultant increase in drinking water salinity carries population-level implications for sodium ingestion–related hypertension [ 104 , 105 ]. Additionally, the contaminated water is projected to reduce crop yield in the millions of acres of coastal farms (particularly for subsistence farmers in alluvial floodplains), jeopardizing the long-term availability of fresh produce critical for good cardiovascular health [ 106 – 108 ].…”

Section: Extreme Weather Events and Rising Sea Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Hearts in a Hotter, More Turbulent World: The Impacts of Climate Change on the Cardiovascular Health of Older Adults

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review Climate change has manifested itself in multiple environmental hazards to human health. Older adults and those living with cardiovascular diseases are particularly susceptible to poor outcomes due to unique social, economic, and physiologic vulnerabilities. This review aims to summarize those vulnerabilities and the resultant impacts of climate-mediated disasters on the heart health of the aging population. Recent Findings Analyses incorporating a wide variety of environmental data sources have identified increases in cardiovascular risk factors, hospitalizations, and mortality from intensified air pollution, wildfires, heat waves, extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and pandemic disease. Older adults, especially those of low socioeconomic status or belonging to ethnic minority groups, bear a disproportionate health burden from these hazards. Summary The worldwide trends responsible for global warming continue to worsen climate change–mediated natural disasters. As such, additional investigation will be necessary to develop personal and policy-level interventions to protect the cardiovascular wellbeing of our aging population.

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“…In many settlements, people store rainwater in manmade or natural ditches that serve as the only source of domestic water [3,8]. Sea-level change also affects the groundwater salinity and/or migration of salt water into groundwater aquifers in Bengal Basin [9]. That is another reason why delineation of the freshwater aquifer boundary in coastal areas is of particular importance is to establish a baseline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Delineation of Freshwater–Saline Water Interfaces in Coastal Area of Southwest Bangladesh

Sarker¹,

Camp²,

Hermans³

et al. 2021

Water

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Insufficiency of potable water is acute in southwest (SW) coastal areas of Bangladesh. The local population ignores the depth to saltwater/freshwater interface causing many unsuccessful waters wells drilling. In this context, a combined use of borehole logs, geophysical well logs, vertical electrical soundings (VES), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and electrical conductivity (EC) of sampled waters was performed to identify saltwater/freshwater interface depths in this coastal part. The study shows that the depth to freshwater/saltwater interface varies from place to place occurring commonly between 190 to 285 m, and locally as shallow as 146 m. The shallow freshwater/saltwater interface depth is greatly influenced by the upconing of fresh water from the deep aquifer (DA) near the major rivers and coast compared to the landward part and is mixed with more saline waters above. Vertically infiltrated saltwater is the main cause of brackish water in the upper shallow aquifer (USA), which is hydraulically connected with the lower shallow aquifer (LSA), and not directly recharged from the Bay of Bengal in the south. The study will contribute to find out the depth of the potential freshwater aquifer and assess the aquifer vulnerability in the coastal area of SW Bangladesh.

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Seawater intrusion into groundwater and its impact on irrigation and agriculture: Evidence from the coastal region of West Bengal, India

Cited by 39 publications

References 71 publications

Effects of Seawater Intrusion on the Groundwater Quality of Multi-Layered Aquifers in Eastern Saudi Arabia

Effects of Seawater Intrusion on the Groundwater Quality of Multi-Layered Aquifers in Eastern Saudi Arabia

Aging Hearts in a Hotter, More Turbulent World: The Impacts of Climate Change on the Cardiovascular Health of Older Adults

Geophysical Delineation of Freshwater–Saline Water Interfaces in Coastal Area of Southwest Bangladesh

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