Seawater-soluble pigments and their potential use in self-polishing antifouling paints: simulation-based screening tool

Kiil, Søren; Dam‐Johansen, Kim; Weinell, Claus Erik; Pedersen, M.S.

doi:10.1016/s0300-9440(02)00146-7

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hydrogen peroxide is more rapidly decomposed in alkaline environments. 17 However, it has not been possible to identify any pH change when tried, and Kiil et al 5 report that even a small pH increase in the seawater surrounding an antifouling coating cannot be obtained by the pigmentation of the coating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Detailed insight into the mechanisms involved in polishing, and the important parameters affecting the rate of polishing have been provided by Kiil et al 5,6 Pigment parameters influencing polishing rates include shape, particle size distribution, diffusion coefficients of dissolved species, and rate of dissolution. Generally, antifouling coatings for yachts must stay efficient for one year.…”

Section: Working Mechanisms Of Polishing Antifouling Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suitable dimensionless seawater solubility, a, should have a value between 10 -7 and 10 -9 for a pigment to be used in self-polishing antifouling coatings. 5 Dibenzoyl peroxide dimensionless water solubility is 6.8 9 10 -6 , and for peracetic acid, a is 8.8 9 10 -6 (water solubility and not seawater solubility has been applied in both cases). Furthermore, organic peroxides have several safety issues that limit their use due to exposure to humans during coating production and application.…”

Section: Working Mechanisms Of Polishing Antifouling Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic precursor peroxides for antifouling coatings

Olsen

Pedersen²,

Hermann³

et al. 2008

J Coat Technol Res

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Modern antifouling coatings are generally based on cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and organic biocides as active ingredients. Cu 2 O is prone to bioaccumulation, and should therefore be replaced by more environmentally benign compounds when technically possible. However, cuprous oxide does not only provide antifouling properties, it is also a vital ingredient for the antifouling coating to obtain its polishing and leaching mechanism. In this paper, peroxides of strontium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc are tested as pigments in antifouling coatings. The peroxides react with seawater to create hydrogen peroxide and highly seawatersoluble ions of the metal. The goals have been to establish the antifouling potency of an antifouling coating that releases hydrogen peroxide as biocide, and to investigate the potential use of peroxides as watersoluble polishing and leaching pigments. The investigations have shown that it is possible to identify particulates that, when applied as pigments in antifouling coatings, will provide polishing and leaching rates comparable to those of Cu 2 O-based coatings. Furthermore, the combination of polishing and hydrogen peroxide leaching by a coating based on zinc peroxide in a suitable binder matrix provides antifouling properties exceeding those of a similar coating based entirely on zinc oxide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Working Mechanisms Of Polishing Antifouling Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Working Mechanisms Of Polishing Antifouling Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic precursor peroxides for antifouling coatings

Olsen

Pedersen²,

Hermann³

et al. 2008

J Coat Technol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…128 The developed model has been applied to discuss the effect of seawater parameters and coating formulation parameters on coating behavior, 129 as well as the effect of pH, sailing speed, temperature, and salinity on the polishing and leaching rates of coatings. 130 Subsequent modification of the model has enabled simulation-based exploration and screening of seawater soluble pigments for their potential use in self-polishing antifouling coatings, 131 and application to other types of modern self-polishing binders. 132 Such models may also prove useful in the design and development of anticorrosive coatings.…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Coating Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticorrosive coatings: a review

et al. 2009

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“…4,5 The leached layer effectively increases the surface area of the binder-water interface. As the specific surface area of the leached layer is determined by the soluble pigment that initially resided in the now empty pores, several pigment properties influence the polishing rate.…”

Section: Seawater-soluble Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of traditional seawater-soluble pigments by starch and hydrolytic enzymes in polishing antifouling coatings

Olsen

Pedersen²,

Dam‐Johansen

et al. 2009

J Coat Technol Res

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The use of starch and hydrolytic enzymes as replacement for traditional polishing pigments (e.g., Cu 2 O and ZnO) in antifouling coatings has been investigated. The enzymes facilitate a slow conversion of water-insoluble starch into water-soluble glucose, and dissolution of glucose causes the development of a leached (porous) layer in the wetted, outermost part of the coating. Subsequent water-binder interaction at the pore walls gives rise to polishing, in a manner similar to that of conventional antifouling coatings. Different starch types have been evaluated and classified as potential coating ingredients, and the impact of the addition of starch on the functional properties of the coating is described. Starches from rice, corn, and tapioca have been tested, and due to a smaller amount of water-soluble content and lesser tendency to agglomerate, corn starch is preferred. Leaching occurs in all the starch-enzyme coatings tested; however, polishing is only detected for two out of four binder systems investigated. Suitable polishing rates of 7-10 lm/month, based on the enzymatic starch-degradation, have been measured. Controls containing only starch (no enzyme) did not polish.

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Seawater-soluble pigments and their potential use in self-polishing antifouling paints: simulation-based screening tool

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Inorganic precursor peroxides for antifouling coatings

Inorganic precursor peroxides for antifouling coatings

Anticorrosive coatings: a review

Replacement of traditional seawater-soluble pigments by starch and hydrolytic enzymes in polishing antifouling coatings

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