Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities

Abbott, D. Wade; Aasen, Inga Marie; Beauchemin, K. A.; Grondahl, Fredri; Gruninger, Robert J.; Hayes, María; Huws, Sharon; Kenny, David A.; Krizsan, S.J.; Kirwan, Stuart F.; Lind, Vibeke; Meyer, Ulrich; Ramin, Mohammad; Theodoridou, Katerina; Soosten, Dirk von; Walsh, Pamela; Waters, Sinéad M.; Xing, Xiaohui

doi:10.3390/ani10122432

Cited by 107 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Expression analysis of methyl-co reductase ( MCR ) gene can provide a better understanding of complex methanogenesis processes than methanogen abundance analyses based on 16s rDNA [ 64 ]. Other studies have also demonstrated that CH 4 production is not correlated with methanogens abundance, but with its composition (reviewed in [ 65 ]). Furthermore, saponins may decrease the activities of CH 4 producing genes or the rate of CH 4 production in methanogenic cells [ 66 ], suggesting that PSMs from different sources have different effects on microbes and methanogenesis [ 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production

Bharanidharan

Arokiyaraj

Baik

et al. 2021

Animals

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Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic residues in animal products; thus, plant compounds may be better alternative sources for mitigating methane (CH4) production. An in vitro screening experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential application of 152 dry methanolic or ethanolic extracts from 137 plant species distributed in East Asian countries as anti-methanogenic additives in ruminant feed. The experimental material consisted of 200 mg total mixed ration, 20 mg plant extract, and 30 mL diluted ruminal fluid-buffer mixture in 60 mL serum bottles that were sealed with rubber stoppers and incubated at 39 °C for 24 h. Among the tested extracts, eight extracts decreased CH4 production by >20%, compared to the corresponding controls: stems of Vitex negundo var. incisa, stems of Amelanchier asiatica, fruit of Reynoutria sachalinensis, seeds of Tribulus terrestris, seeds of Pharbitis nil, leaves of Alnus japonica, stem and bark of Carpinus tschonoskii, and stems of Acer truncatum. A confirmation assay of the eight plant extracts at a dosage of 10 mg with four replications repeated on 3 different days revealed that the extracts decreased CH4 concentration in the total gas (7–15%) and total CH4 production (17–37%), compared to the control. This is the first report to identify the anti-methanogenic activities of eight potential plant extracts. All extracts decreased ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations. Negative effects on total gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were also noted for all extracts that were rich in hydrolysable tannins and total saponins or fatty acids. The underlying modes of action differed among plants: extracts from P. nil, V. negundo var. incisa, A. asiatica, and R. sachalinensis resulted in a decrease in total methanogen or the protozoan population (p < 0.05) but extracts from other plants did not. Furthermore, extracts from P. nil decreased the population of total protozoa and increased the proportion of propionate among VFAs (p < 0.05). Identifying bioactive compounds in seeds of P. nil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed enrichment of linoleic acid (18:2). Overall, seeds of P. nil could be a possible alternative to ionophores or oil seeds to mitigate ruminal CH4 production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production

Bharanidharan

Arokiyaraj

Baik

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…These results are consistent with the observations made in in vitro studies on the effects of A . taxiformis on methane emissions [ 4 ] providing further evidence methane emissions is markedly reduced. The mechanism for the reduction in methane emissions and methane yields has been attributed to the bromoform and di-bromochloromethane content of the seaweeds [ 32 , 33 ] that inhibit methane emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism for the reduction in methane emissions and methane yields has been attributed to the bromoform and di-bromochloromethane content of the seaweeds [32,33] that inhibit methane emissions. However, there are concerns that halogenated gases associated with the bromoforms could cause damage to the ozone layer [4,34]. At the higher dose of 0.5% inclusion of A. taxiformis, [14] found that DMI and milk production and energy corrected milk production were significantly lower than controls and that the milk contained markedly increased concentrations of iodine (> 5 times the control) and bromide (approximately 8 times the control).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of effects of dietary seaweed on beef and dairy cattle performance and methane yield

et al. 2021

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There has been considerable interest in the use of red seaweed, and in particular Asparagopsis taxiformis, to increase production of cattle and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We hypothesized that feeding seaweed or seaweed derived products would increase beef or dairy cattle performance as indicated by average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency measures, milk production, and milk constituents, and reduce methane emissions. We used meta-analytical methods to evaluate these hypotheses. A comprehensive search of Google Scholar, Pubmed and ISI Web of Science produced 14 experiments from which 23 comparisons of treatment effects could be evaluated. Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) were the dominant seaweeds used. There were no effects of treatment on ADG or dry matter intake (DMI). While there was an increase in efficiency for feed to gain by 0.38 kg per kg [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.56; P = 0.001] on DerSimonian and Laird (D&L) evaluation, neither outcome was significant using the more rigorous robust regression analysis (P >0.06). The type of seaweed used was not a significant covariable for ADG and DMI, but A. nodosum fed cattle had lesser feed to gains efficiency compared to those fed A. taxiformis. Milk production was increased with treatment on weighted mean difference (WMD; 1.35 ± 0.44 kg/d; P <0.001); however, the SMD of 0.45 was not significant (P = 0.111). Extremely limited data suggest the possibility of increased percentages of milk fat (P = 0.040) and milk protein (P = 0.001) on (D&L) WMD evaluation. The limited data available indicate dietary supplementation with seaweed produced a significant and substantial reduction in methane yield by 5.28 ± 3.5 g/kg DMI (P = 0.003) on D&L WMD evaluation and a D&L SMD of −1.70 (P = 0.001); however, there was marked heterogeneity in the results (I2 > 80%). In one comparison, methane yield was reduced by 97%. We conclude that while there was evidence of potential for benefit from seaweed use to improve production and reduce methane yield more in vivo experiments are required to strengthen the evidence of effect and identify sources of heterogeneity in methane response, while practical applications and potential risks are evaluated for seaweed use.

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“…However, for the commodity food sector, there is a need to guarantee similar nutritional values in all supplies, independent of the season. In this context, seaweed cultivation can present a solution for controlling seaweed food safety; this is something in which Asian countries are already well practiced [ 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 ], and which Western countries need to learn and adapt to.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Health Benefits vs. Risks of Seaweeds and Their Constituents: The Curious Case of the Polymer Paradigm

et al. 2021

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To exploit the nutraceutical and biomedical potential of selected seaweed-derived polymers in an economically viable way, it is necessary to analyze and understand their quality and yield fluctuations throughout the seasons. In this study, the seasonal polysaccharide yield and respective quality were evaluated in three selected seaweeds, namely the agarophyte Gracilaria gracilis, the carrageenophyte Calliblepharis jubata (both red seaweeds) and the alginophyte Sargassum muticum (brown seaweed). It was found that the agar synthesis of G. gracilis did not significantly differ with the seasons (27.04% seaweed dry weight (DW)). In contrast, the carrageenan content in C. jubata varied seasonally, being synthesized in higher concentrations during the summer (18.73% DW). Meanwhile, the alginate synthesis of S. muticum exhibited a higher concentration (36.88% DW) during the winter. Therefore, there is a need to assess the threshold at which seaweed-derived polymers may have positive effects or negative impacts on human nutrition. Furthermore, this study highlights the three polymers, along with their known thresholds, at which they can have positive and/or negative health impacts. Such knowledge is key to recognizing the paradigm governing their successful deployment and related beneficial applications in humans.

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Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 107 publications

References 145 publications

In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production

In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production

A meta-analysis of effects of dietary seaweed on beef and dairy cattle performance and methane yield

On the Health Benefits vs. Risks of Seaweeds and Their Constituents: The Curious Case of the Polymer Paradigm

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