Seaweed invasions: introduction and scope

Effects of the alien algae Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) on the diversity and abundance of benthic macrofauna in Golfo Nuevo (Patagonia, Argentina): potential implications for local food webs

“…Invasive species in most cases dominate native algal communities, while eutrophication increases primary production, inducing blooms of opportunistic algae capable of rapidly exploiting the elevated amounts of nutrients (Duarte 1995;Johnson 2007;Johnson and Chapman 2007). These processes produce changes in the structure of algal communities, and consequently in the associated benthic fauna (Buschbaum et al 2006).…”

The effects of temperature on the growth rate and nitrogen content of invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla and native Gracilaria tikvahiae from Long Island Sound, USA

“…Toward these goals, growth rates and tissue nitrogen and carbon con-material within the ecosystem (Sakai et al 2001). Globalization of international trade has facilitated numerous marine invasions when species are unintentionally transported as epiphytes and epizoans on ships and in ballast water (Carlton 2001, Cohen et al 2001, Johnson and Chapman 2007. In addition to the presence of welltrafficked shipping ports, coastal estuarine systems are invaded to a greater degree than other marine systems as a result of physical disturbance (Anderson 2007) and lower native diversity (e.g., Stachowicz et al 1999).…”

“…Historically, successful invasive seaweeds such as Caulerpa taxifolia and Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides have experienced genetic bottlenecks in areas of invasion (Johnson and Chapman 2007). Genetic studies comparing strains of G. vermiculophylla inhabiting nonnative regions with strains growing in native Korean regions have found extreme genetic homogeneity within the non-native range and high heterogeneity among Korean strains (Kim et al 2010).…”

Biosecurity, tourism and mobility: institutional arrangements for managing tourism-related biological invasions

“…Many of these species have been extremely beneficial, for example, with respect to food production. However, alien species have also led to major economic losses in agriculture (Pimentel, Lach, Zuniga, & Morrison, 2000), fisheries (Johnson & Chapman, 2007;Schaffelke & Hewitt, 2007) and forestry (Holmes, Aukema, Von Holle, Liebhold, & Sills, 2009), as well as other sectors (Connelly, O'Neill, Knuth, & Brown, 2007;Office of Technology Assessment, 1993); have seriously impacted the integrity of ecosystems (McGeoch, Crown, & Kalwij, 2006;Perrings et al, 2002;Pimental, 2005;Seabloom et al, 2006;Temple, 1992) and have also had major negative consequences for human and animal health (Bryan, 1996; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2008;Van Wagner, 2008). Since the 17th century, invasive alien species have contributed to nearly 40% of all animal extinctions for which the cause is known (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2006).…”