Seaweeds and Their Communities in Polar Regions

Wiencke, Christian; Amsler, Charles D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9_13

Cited by 106 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…in the Arctic region reaching down to >60 m in Disko Bay, Greenland (Boertmann et al, 2013), records of foliose red algae to similar depths in Svalbard and slow-growing encrusted red algae to even larger depths (Wulff et al, 2009;Wiencke and Amsler, 2012). In addition to light availability, the presence of marine macrophytes is constrained by the availability of suitable habitat, soft sediments in the case of seagrasses, and rocky bottoms in the case of most macroalgae, both of which are available along the arctic coast.…”

Section: Macrophyte-dominated Ecosystems In a Warmer Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Arctic, ice scour represents an additional limiting factor, as icebergs and large ice blocks may strand in the shoreline smothering any macrophyte vegetation present. Many species of macroalgae have been reported for the Arctic (Wulff et al, 2009;Wiencke and Amsler, 2012), with a particularly important presence, in terms of biomass and cover, of kelps including species of Saccharina, Laminaria, and Alaria and intertidal brown algae such as Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus spp. (Mann, 1973;Vetrov and Romankevich, 2010, pp.…”

Section: Macrophyte-dominated Ecosystems In a Warmer Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Mann, 1973;Vetrov and Romankevich, 2010, pp. 83, 100, 123;Wiencke and Amsler, 2012;Jueterbock et al, 2013). Only one seagrass species, Zostera marina (eelgrass), has been reported in the Arctic, with a northern limit at 70 • N in the Arctic coasts of Norway (Ostenfeld, 1927) and Russia (Jacobs, 1984) and also occurring in Alaska under sea ice (McRoy, 1969(McRoy, , 1970.…”

Section: Macrophyte-dominated Ecosystems In a Warmer Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of vegetated coastal ecosystems in the future Arctic

2014

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Warming occurs particularly fast in the Arctic and exerts profound effects on arctic ecosystems. Sea ice-associated ecosystems are projected to decline but reduced arctic sea ice cover also increases the solar radiation reaching the coastal seafloors with the potential for expansion of vegetated habitats, i.e., kelp forests and seagrass meadows. These habitats support key ecosystem functions, some of which may mitigate effects of climate change. Therefore, the likely expansion of vegetated coastal habitats in the Arctic will generate new productive ecosystems, offer habitat for a number of invertebrate and vertebrate species, including provision of refugia for calcifiers from possible threats from ocean acidification, contribute to enhance CO 2 sequestration and protect the shoreline from erosion. The development of models allowing quantitative forecasts of the future of vegetated arctic ecosystems requires that key hypotheses underlying such forecasts be tested. Here we propose a set of three key testable hypotheses along with a research agenda for testing them using a broad diversity of approaches, including analyses of paleo-records, space-for-time substitutions and experimental studies. The research agenda proposed would provide a solid underpinning to guide forecasts on the spread of marine macrophytes onto the Arctic with climate change and contribute to balance our understanding of climate change impacts on the arctic ecosystem through a focus on the role of engineering species. Anticipating these changes in ecosystem structure and function is key to develop managerial strategies to maximize these ecosystem services in a future warmer Arctic.

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Section: Macrophyte-dominated Ecosystems In a Warmer Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrophyte-dominated Ecosystems In a Warmer Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrophyte-dominated Ecosystems In a Warmer Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of vegetated coastal ecosystems in the future Arctic

2014

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“…The shallow coastline along the western Antarctic Peninsula is often dominated by large algal communities (Wiencke and Amsler 2012). Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory de SaintVincent is a member of the Gigartinaceae and common in shallow sub-tidal communities but can be found down to a depth of 30 m (Amsler et al 1995, Wiencke and Clayton 2002, Wiencke and Amsler 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory de SaintVincent is a member of the Gigartinaceae and common in shallow sub-tidal communities but can be found down to a depth of 30 m (Amsler et al 1995, Wiencke and Clayton 2002, Wiencke and Amsler 2012. This is a dominant species in shallow basins and newly exposed substrata (Quartino et al 2013), suggesting that it is a good colonizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

et al. 2015

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Endophytic organisms are known to have varied effects on their host organism in terrestrial and marine environments. In previous studies on marine algae, these symbioses range from innocuous to pathogenic depending on the host and endophyte species. The present study further assessed a pathogenic relationship between filamentous algal endophytes and a red algal host from the western Antarctic Peninsula. We analyzed endophyte presence (appearance of filamentous thalli) in the three life history stages of Iridaea cordata and potential impacts on fertility in the fertilized female gametophytes (carposporophytes) and tetrasporophytes. We found that endophytes proliferate throughout significantly more thallus area in tetrasporophyte and unfertilized gametophyte hosts than in carposporophyte hosts, but there was no correlation between endophyte cover and fertility in these individuals. This study also provides a demographic analysis of I. cordata populations surrounding Palmer Station, Antarctica, showing that these populations are haploid dominated (∼78% of individuals). The differential presence of filamentous algal endophytes indicates that endophyte pathogenicity indirectly has greater effect on tetrasporophytes and unfertilized gametophytes than on the carposporophytes, which house the products of sexual recombination.

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Annotation of GC‐MS Data of Antimicrobial Constituents in the Antarctic Seaweed Phaeurus antarcticus by Molecular Networking

dos Santos,

Sousa Teixeira,

da Costa Clementino

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Phaeurus antarcticus is a member of the Desmarestiaceae family endemic to the Antarctic Peninsula. Reports addressing its chemical composition and biological activities are scarce. Herein, bioactive non‐polar compounds of P. antarcticus against pathogenic bacteria, Leishmania amazonensis and Neospora caninum parasites were targeted through GC‐MS Molecular Networking and multivariate analysis (OPLS‐DA). The effects on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were also evaluated. P. antarcticus exhibited selective bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC values from 6.25 – 100 µg.mL‐1. Fractions HX‐FC and HX‐FD were the most active against L. amazonensis with EC50 ranging from 18.5 – 62.3 µg.mL‐1. Additionally, fractions HX‐FC and HX‐FD showed potent inhibition of N. caninum at EC50 values of 2.8 and 6.3 µg.mL‐1, respectively. All fractions inhibited HRP activity, indicating possible interactions with Heme proteins. It was possible to annotate compounds from tree mains clusters, containing terpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, and alcohols by correlating the spectral data of the GC‐MS analysis with Molecular Networking and the OPLS‐DA results.

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Seaweeds and Their Communities in Polar Regions

Cited by 106 publications

References 149 publications

Expansion of vegetated coastal ecosystems in the future Arctic

Expansion of vegetated coastal ecosystems in the future Arctic

Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

Annotation of GC‐MS Data of Antimicrobial Constituents in the Antarctic Seaweed Phaeurus antarcticus by Molecular Networking

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