Second and third order nonlinear optical, mechanical, surface characteristics of bis(thiourea) manganese chloride (BTMC) grown by slow cooling technique used for frequency conversion applications

Abstract

A semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of bis(thiourea) manganese chloride (BTMC) is grown successfully by slow cooling technique using water as solvent at temperature 45 °C. The optically good quality crystal of BTMC was grown with dimension up to 8 × 8 × 2 mm 3 in a period of 2-3 weeks. The grown crystal crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system which was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The various functional groups of BTMC were identified through FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The lower cutoff wavelength of 280 nm was revealed from optical transmittance spectrum of UV. The mechanical behavior of BTMC crystal was analyzed by Vicker's microhardness study and also the various mechanical parameters were determined. Vickers micro hardness test revealed, the titular crystal belongs to harder material category. The SHG efficiency is estimated from Kurtz-Perry powder method and it found to be 0.33 times than the reference material. The dielectric behavior, photo conducting nature and surface properties have been analyzed for grown BTMC crystal. The presence of synthesized elements was confirmed by EDAX study. The third order nonlinear optical susceptibility (3) of the material is measured using Z-scan technique and it is found to be 5.1202 × 10 −14 esu.

Third-Order Nonlinearity Measurement Techniques

“…Keeping the aperture in front of the detector Z-scan was performed to get the sign and magnitude closed aperture. The NLA and NLR were essentially important in closed aperture transmittance [14,[20][21][22]. The ratio between CA and OA gives the real NLR.…”

Te(CS(NH2)2)4SO4·2H2O: A Three-in-One Semiorganic Nonlinear Optical Crystal with an Unusual Quadrilateral (TeS4)6– Chromophore

“…Notably, organic groups with similar π-conjugated configurations such as CO­(NH 2 ) 2 (carbamide), CS­(NH 2 ) 2 (thiourea = tu), [C­(NH 2 ) 3 ] + , (C 3 N 3 O 3 ) 3– , 4-hydroxypyridine, and so on are also alternative NLO-active FBUs. − For decades, the CS­(NH 2 ) 2 group with large dipole moment attracted sustained attention as an interesting FBU for linear or NLO materials . Because of its electroneutrality, this group has been widely used in the synthesis of semiorganic materials by combining them with other inorganic compounds. − The type of semiorganic material has usually been considered to possess the advantages of both organic and inorganic compounds . Extensive investigation in this direction resulted in the discovery of a series of semiorganic NLO crystals, such as Zn­(CS­(NH 2 ) 2 ) 3 SO 4 , MgZn­(CS­(NH 2 ) 2 ) 3 SO 4 , Ba­(CS­(NH 2 ) 2 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , and Cd­(CS­(NH 2 ) 2 ) 2 Cl 2 .…”