Second Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of p-Aminophenol in the Presence of Paracetamol

Yesilada, A.; Erdoğan, Halil İbrahim; Ertan, Mevlüt

doi:10.1080/00032719108052889

Cited by 51 publications

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“…The PAP or PAP derivate compounds are common pollutants in effluents from cooking oil refineries, production of pesticides and herbicides, dyes and textiles, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, plastics, and detergent [4], because they are extremely toxic to aquatic life and impart a strong disagreeable taste to water [5]. Several researches have reported different PAP determination schemes including high performance chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) [6 -10], optical chemical sensors [11,12] and electrochemical sensor [13 -15]. Among the aforementioned schemes, the advantages of electrochemical scheme are low cost and less time consuming.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO₂ Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

et al. 2010

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New determination scheme of p-aminophenol by using MnO 2 as a preoxidant is demonstrated in this work. In the flow injection system, the p-aminophenol is oxidized to quinoneimine by MnO 2 at up-stream, which can be detected at a suitable reductive potential. After optimization, the linear range of PAP is started from 1 mM to 30 mM (R 2 ¼ 0.999), the estimated detection limit (S/N ¼ 3) is 0.28 mM. Two real samples are studied and excellent recoveries are achieved by using standard addition method. The p-aminophenol (PAP) is a primary hydrolytic degradation product of acetaminophen (AC) [1], and AC is very widely used as analgesic and antipyretic drug to reduce fever, cough and cold. Moreover, p-aminophenol is very harmful for human body due to its structural similarity to aniline and phenol [2]. It is limited to a low level of 0.005% in the drug substance by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) [3]. The PAP or PAP derivate compounds are common pollutants in effluents from cooking oil refineries, production of pesticides and herbicides, dyes and textiles, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, plastics, and detergent [4], because they are extremely toxic to aquatic life and impart a strong disagreeable taste to water [5]. Several researches have reported different PAP determination schemes including high performance chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) [6 -10], optical chemical sensors [11,12] and electrochemical sensor [13 -15]. Among the aforementioned schemes, the advantages of electrochemical scheme are low cost and less time consuming. Other applications of PAP are used as electroactive polymer film [16,17] in the determination of the ascorbic acid. But the poly-PAP film only shows the electroactive property in acid condition. In the neutral or alkaline condition, it is well known, the poly-PAP is accumulated onto electrode surface leading to the electrode inactivation and the hindrance of signal in further electroanalytical measurements. Thus, the determination of PAP in neutral or alkaline condition is very hard to avoid the formation of nonconductive film on the electrode surface. Some electrode surface cleaning schemes [18 -20] or chemical modified electrodes [13 -15] have been reported to solve this problem. However, the aforementioned electrode cleaning schemes are not convenient for further application and the pulse cleaning scheme may damage the electrode surface either.In this work, the MnO 2 was modified on a dummied upstream electrode as a preoxidant to selective oxidation of the PAP. Subsequently, the oxidized product is detected by the down-stream electrode. This simple scheme avoids the polymerization effect of the PAP with direct oxidative method. Two surface water samples collected from local pond and field were adopted as real samples. The flow injection analysis (FIA) coupled with MnO 2 modified electrode is used in PAP determination without enzyme modification, complicated sample treatment procedures and expensive electrode materials.The solid line of Figure 1A shows a ...

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New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO₂ Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

et al. 2010

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“…PAR is a synthetic nonopiate derivative of p-aminophenol (PAP) and is hydrolyzed in inappropriate storage conditions, such as high temperatures and acidic or basic media to PAP. PAP has been detected in PAR as an impurity or a synthetic intermediate, and has been reported to have nephrotoxicity and teratogenic effects [3,4]. So, to control the drug quality, the development of a simple, precise and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of PAR and PAP in acetaminophen formulations is very important.…”

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A Selective and Sensitive Method for Simultaneous Determination of Traces of Paracetamol and p‐Aminophenol in Pharmaceuticals Using Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

Safavi¹,

Maleki²,

Moradlou³

2008

Electroanalysis

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A reliable and simple electrochemical method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR) and p-aminophenol (PAP) in pharmaceutical formulations. The oxidation and reduction peak potentials in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for PAR on carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) were occurred at 370 and 225 mV vs. Ag/ AgCl, respectively at pH 7.0, while those for PAP on CILE appeared at 128 mV and 68 mV, respectively at the scan rate of 0.05 V s À1. In comparison to the conventional carbon paste electrode, the apparent reversibility and kinetics of the electrochemical reactions of PAR and PAP were significantly improved on CILE. In differential pulse voltammetric technique, the peak potentials for PAR and PAP appeared at 345 and 130 mV, respectively, with the peak separation of 215 mV, sufficient for their simultaneous determination in samples containing these two species. The proposed method was used for simultaneous determination of PAR and PAP in tablets. PAR and PAP can be determined in the ranges of 2.0 Â 10 À6 -2.2 Â 10 À3 M and 3.0 Â 10 À7 -1.0 Â 10 À3 M, with the detection limits of 5.0 Â 10 À7 and 1.0 Â 10 À7 M (calculated by 3s), respectively. The relative standard deviations for the determination of PAR and PAP were less than 2%.Keywords: Carbon ionic liquid electrode, Paracetamol, p-Aminophenol, Simultaneous determination DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804292 Paracetamol (PAR, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol or acetaminophen) is an effective and safe analgesic agent used to reduce fever, cough and cold. It is also used worldwide for the relief of mild to moderate pain associated with headache, migraine headache and noninflammatory conditions in patients prone to gastric symptoms [1,2]. PAR is a synthetic nonopiate derivative of p-aminophenol (PAP) and is hydrolyzed in inappropriate storage conditions, such as high temperatures and acidic or basic media to PAP. PAP has been detected in PAR as an impurity or a synthetic intermediate, and has been reported to have nephrotoxicity and teratogenic effects [3,4]. So, to control the drug quality, the development of a simple, precise and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of PAR and PAP in acetaminophen formulations is very important. Electrochemical techniques have been widely exploited for the analysis of PAR [5 -11] and PAP [12,13] in physiological and pharmaceutical samples. On most electrode surfaces PAR shows an irreversible behavior and a slow rate of electron transfer process [14,15]. On conventional carbon paste electrode (CPE), PAR shows irreversible behavior [14]. Recently, the electrochemical behavior of PAR has been studied on ionic liquid-based CPE using butyl methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate as modifier and it has been reported that the oxidation of PAR on this electrode is occurred at a lower overvoltage with improved signal compared to that on conventional CPE [16]. PAP, however, on most electrode surfaces is reversibly oxidized to pquinoneimine [13,17], while it has irreversible behavior on CPE, and has quasirever...

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“…Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation product of acetaminophen is 4-aminophenol which can cause fatal hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This species can be found in pharmaceutical preparations as a degradation product of acetaminophen or as a synthetic intermediate [19]. Acetaminophen drug is available in different dosage forms of tablets, capsules, suspensions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Adrenaline in Presence of Acetaminophen at Poly (Alanine) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Cyclic Voltammetric Study

KV¹,

BEK²

2016

J Biosens Bioelectron

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IntroductionAdrenaline (AD) is one of the neurotransmitter catecholamine found in the mammalian central nervous system; exist in the form of large organic cations in the nervous tissue and biological body fluid [1]. It serves as a neurotransmitter for conveying the nerve pulse to different organs. Adrenaline is sympathomimetic drug widely used for the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrest, myocardial infection and cardiac surgery in clinics. It also used to stimulate heartbeat and to treat emphysema, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and other allergic conditions, as well as in the treatment of the eye disease, glaucoma [2]. Variation in the concentration of AD leads to severe disease. Therefore, sensitive determination of adrenaline concentration has an important significance to medicine, nerve psychology and life science [3]. Several methods have been reported for the determination of adrenaline such as high performance liquid chromatography [4][5][6], fluorometry [7][8][9] chemiluminescence [10,11], capillary electrophoresis [12] and spectrophotometry [13]. However, such methods are quite complicated since some of these methods need derivatization or combination with various detection methods. They also have low sensitivity and specificity. Some reports have shown the electrochemical response of adrenaline on different kinds of electrodes such as poly (osmiumoxide/ hexacyanoruthenate) film modified CPE [14], poly (eriochrome black T) film modified GCE [15], poly (1-Methylpyrrole) modified glassy carbon electrode which exhibited good electro catalytic activity for the detection of adrenaline [3].Acetaminophen or paracetamol (AP) is widely used as an antipyretic and analgesic drug. It is an effective and safe analgesic agent used for the relief of mild to moderate pain associated with headache, backache, arthritis and postoperative pain [16]. It is also used for the reduction of fever caused by viral and bacterial origin. It relieves pain and fever by inhibiting prostaglandin's synthesis in the central nervous system and sedating hypothalamic heat-regulating center [17,18]. Generally, acetaminophen does not exhibit any harmful side effects. However, hypersensitivity or over dosage of AP leads to the formation of some liver and nephrotoxic metabolites. Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation product of acetaminophen is 4-aminophenol which can cause fatal hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This species can be found in pharmaceutical preparations as a degradation product of acetaminophen or as a synthetic intermediate [19]. Acetaminophen drug is available in different dosage forms of tablets, capsules, suspensions. Thus development of simple, sensitive and accurate analytical methods for determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical products and human plasma is of great importance [20]. Many analytical methods are reported to determine the acetaminophen concentration such as spectrophotometry [21], high performance liquid chromatography [22], and voltammetry [23]. These techniques are generally expensive and time-c...

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Second Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of p-Aminophenol in the Presence of Paracetamol

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO₂ Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO₂ Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

A Selective and Sensitive Method for Simultaneous Determination of Traces of Paracetamol and p‐Aminophenol in Pharmaceuticals Using Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Adrenaline in Presence of Acetaminophen at Poly (Alanine) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Cyclic Voltammetric Study

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Second Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of p-Aminophenol in the Presence of Paracetamol

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO2 Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO2 Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

A Selective and Sensitive Method for Simultaneous Determination of Traces of Paracetamol and p‐Aminophenol in Pharmaceuticals Using Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Adrenaline in Presence of Acetaminophen at Poly (Alanine) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Cyclic Voltammetric Study

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New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO₂ Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO₂ Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis