Second generation effects of larval metal pollutant exposure on reproduction, longevity and insecticide tolerance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Jeanrenaud, Alexander C. S. N.; Brooke, Basil D.; Oliver, Shüné V.

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3886-9

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…aegypti , pH and salinity were the best predictors of mosquito abundance, while dissolved oxygen and type of larval habitat were better predictors of presence of mosquito species ( Medeiros-Sousa et al, 2020 ). Other factors such as concentration of mineral elements, especially heavy metals like iron, zinc, and copper, are also important, especially in areas disrupted by human activities ( Jeanrenaud et al, 2020 ). As the tick’s life cycle does not pass through an aquatic phase, it is likely that ticks are less sensitive to chemical compounds in their environment than mosquitoes.…”

Section: Role Of External Factors In Virus Transmission By Mosquitoes and Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission

et al. 2021

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More than 25% of human infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases (VBDs). These diseases, caused by pathogens shared between animals and humans, are a growing threat to global health with more than 2.5 million annual deaths. Mosquitoes and ticks are the main vectors of arboviruses including flaviviruses, which greatly affect humans. However, all tick or mosquito species are not able to transmit all viruses, suggesting important molecular mechanisms regulating viral infection, dissemination, and transmission by vectors. Despite the large distribution of arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks) and arboviruses, only a few pairings of arthropods (family, genus, and population) and viruses (family, genus, and genotype) successfully transmit. Here, we review the factors that might limit pathogen transmission: internal (vector genetics, immune responses, microbiome including insect-specific viruses, and coinfections) and external, either biotic (adult and larvae nutrition) or abiotic (temperature, chemicals, and altitude). This review will demonstrate the dynamic nature and complexity of virus–vector interactions to help in designing appropriate practices in surveillance and prevention to reduce VBD threats.

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Section: Role Of External Factors In Virus Transmission By Mosquitoes and Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, if natural enemies of the mosquito do not tolerate pollutants, they will lose the capacity of natural reduction of the mosquito population. Secondly, adaptation of Anopheles mosquitoes to polluted water can predispose them to insecticide resistance selection [ 72 – 74 ]. Therefore, chemical control programmes may fail to reduce the mosquito population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global water quality changes posing threat of increasing infectious diseases, a case study on malaria vector Anopheles stephensi coping with the water pollutants using age-stage, two-sex life table method

Fazeli‐Dinan

Azarnoosh

Özgökçe

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Water pollution due to uncontrolled release of chemical pollutants is an important global problem. Its effect on medically important insects, especially mosquitoes, is a critical issue in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In order to understand the effect of water pollutants on the demography of Anopheles stephensi, colonies were reared in clean, moderately and highly polluted water for three consecutive generations at 27 °C, 75% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D). The demographic data of the 4th generation of An. stephensi were collected and analysed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), mean fecundity (F) and net reproductive rate (R0) of An. stephensi in clean water were 0.2568 d−1, 1.2927 d−1, 251.72 eggs, and 109.08 offspring, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained in moderately polluted water (r = 0.2302 d−1, λ = 1.2589 d−1, 196.04 eggs, and R0 = 65.35 offspring) and highly polluted water (r = 0.2282 d−1, λ = 1.2564 d−1, 182.45 eggs, and R0 = 62.03 offspring). Female adult longevity in moderately polluted (9.38 days) and highly polluted water (9.88 days) were significantly shorter than those reared in clean water (12.43 days), while no significant difference in the male adult longevity was observed among treatments. Conclusions The results of this study showed that An. stephensi can partially adapt to water pollution and this may be sufficient to extend the range of mosquito-borne diseases.

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“…This was done by examining the effects of known epigenetic modulators on fertility and fecundity as well as examining their effect on insecticide resistance phenotype. The effect of metal exposure on these phenotypes in these particular strains has been characterised previously [29,38].…”

Section: Summary Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insecticide susceptible SENN strain is also far more sensitive to alteration in epigenetic signatures after pollutant stress. This may be the underlying reason why metal pollution results in more rapid transgenerational selection for insecticide tolerance than the SENN-DDT strain [38].…”

Section: Signi Cance Of Changes In Epigenetic Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Metal Pollutant Exposure Alters the Epigenetic Architecture of the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Jeanrenaud¹,

Brooke²,

Oliver³

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAnopheles arabiensis (a member of the An. gambiae species complex) is a major vector of malaria. These mosquitoes typically breed in clean bodies of water, but can also utilise polluted waters. Although this expands their breeding range, adaptation to breeding in polluted waters necessitates coping with a large amount of environmental stress in the form of exposure to heavy metal pollutants. Environmental stress can induce heritable changes to an organism without altering the basal genetic code. This occurs by rapid changes in the regulatory elements associated with nucleic acids that result in changes in patterns of gene expression and silencing. This is known as epigenetic regulation. There is currently little information on epigenetic regulation in An. arabiensis. The aim of this study was to examine whether exposure to metal pollutants at the larval stage induced alterations of epigenetic markers resulting in phenotypic changes in insecticide susceptible and resistant laboratory strains of An. arabiensis. ResultsThere was a marked difference in the phenotypic response in adult mosquitoes of the insecticide susceptible strain compared to that of its’ resistant counterpart. The susceptible strain showed reduced fertility and fecundity in response to epigenetic manipulation. For males and females of the resistant strain, exposure to nucleic acid modifying drugs typically increased their tolerance to insecticides. In the insecticide susceptible strain, regulatory signals associated with gene silencing were increased, while those associated with gene expression were reduced in response to heavy metal exposure. By contrast, the insecticide resistant strain showed a decrease in signatures associated with gene silencing as well as an increase in signatures associate with chromatin remodelling. ConclusionsLarval exposure to heavy metal contaminants can result in heritable changes in gene expression. These data suggest that exposure to the same pollutants can result in different biological outcomes in insecticide susceptible and resistant adult An. arabiensis, and that these changes are reflected in their respective global? epigenetic signatures.

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Second generation effects of larval metal pollutant exposure on reproduction, longevity and insecticide tolerance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission

Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission

Global water quality changes posing threat of increasing infectious diseases, a case study on malaria vector Anopheles stephensi coping with the water pollutants using age-stage, two-sex life table method

Larval Metal Pollutant Exposure Alters the Epigenetic Architecture of the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

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