“…The persistence of such geographical variations in trade union membership within the contemporary period demonstrates that labour continues to be easier to organise in areas characterised by an historical legacy of trade unionism (Beynon et al ., ; Charlwood, ; Holmes, ; Monastiriotis, ). Explanations point to the importance of the ‘experience good’ model of union joining behaviour (Bryson and Gomez, ; Gomez and Gunderson, ), where difficult to quantify benefits of union membership can only be fully appreciated through its direct experience or through the recommendations of family (Blanden and Machin, ; Bryson and Davies, ) or other close associates (Griffin and Brown, ). An alternative explanation for the path dependence of union density is provided by Booth's () social custom model, which suggests that both the reputational benefits associated with membership and costs associated with non‐membership will be greater in areas characterised by more favourable attitudes towards trade unions.…”