“…These include the ordinary EWGÕs, i.e., -NO 2 , -CN, -CH@O, -CO 2 CH 3 [6], as well as other, more novel electron-withdrawing functionalities. The latter category contains groups derived from 3-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid, 4-methyl-(2-phenyl)-thioflavilium perchlorate [7], the tropylium cation as well as a number of organometallic moieties [8]. A particularly effective EWG was shown to be a tungsten Fischer carbene moiety in conjugation with a ferrocenyl group through four double bonds.…”