Second-harmonic generation in thermally poled chalcohalide glass

Abstract

Second-harmonic generation in 60GeS(2)-20Ga(2)S(3)-20KBr chalcohalide glass was investigated by the thermal poling method. A large second-order nonlinear susceptibility, as high as 7.0 pm/V, was obtained in a poled sample by Maker fringe analysis. We believe this to be the first time that a clear second-harmonic wave was observed in chalcohalide glasses containing large amount of alkali ions (6.25 at. %). Such observation is of great potential use in all optical waveguide devices.

Thermal Poling of Optical Glasses: Mechanisms and Second‐Order Optical Properties

“…It was successfully applied on few chalcogenide glasses, showing some of the most efficient second-order optical responses in glassy materials. The best results were obtained by Guignard et al and Jing et al 59,60 who have respectively obtained efficient v (2) of 8 pm/V and 7 pm/V in the Ge 25 Sb 10 S 65 glass and the 60GeS 2 -20Ga 2 S 3 -20 KBr chalcohalide composition. However, it has been clearly demonstrated that the key point for poled chalcogenide materials concerns the stability in time of their secondorder optical response.…”

“…The best results were obtained by Guignard et al . and Jing et al . who have respectively obtained efficient χ (2) of 8 pm/V and 7 pm/V in the Ge 25 Sb 10 S 65 glass and the 60GeS 2 –20Ga 2 S 3 –20 KBr chalcohalide composition.…”

“…Then, if we combine all these results, it appears clearly that the hierarchy which can be sketch for SONL properties in poled glasses as a function of their chemical composition does not follow the third‐order optical response. Assuming that for all these poled glasses, the induced SONL is because of an EFISH process, one can estimate the strength of the internal electric field to be similar as a poled Infrasil glass (i.e., ≈10 8 V/m) for the niobium sodium borophosphate system, 4–40 times lower for the telluride systems and at least 10 times lower for the best chalcogenides . Such a rapid overview denotes that an effective implementation of the static electric field was not successfully achieved for all the various poled glasses reported.…”

“…Assuming that for all these poled glasses, the induced SONL is because of an EFISH process, one can estimate the strength of the internal electric field to be similar as a poled Infrasil glass (i.e., %10 8 V/ m) for the niobium sodium borophosphate system, 10,68 4-40 times lower for the telluride systems [63][64][65][66][67] and at least 10 times lower for the best chalcogenides. 59,60 Such a rapid overview denotes that an effective implementation of the static electric field was not successfully achieved for all the various poled glasses reported. To explain these differences, several parameters should be taken in account: (i) As shown in the case of the different type of poled silica plates, the cations' mobility and concentration are key parameters that can influence the number of charge dissociation needed for a successful space charge implementation.…”

Thermal poling behavior and SHG stability in arsenic-germanium sulfide glasses

“…Another major part of the story is the temporal stability of the SHG, which varies greatly for materials such as silica and other oxide glasses, and also in the focus of this study, chalcogenide glasses (ChGs). Specifically in poled chalcogenide glasses, the temporal stability varies widely in the literature [10,12].…”