2013
DOI: 10.1021/nn401198g
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Second-Harmonic Generation of Single BaTiO3 Nanoparticles down to 22 nm Diameter

Abstract: We investigate the second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal from single BaTiO3 nanoparticles of diameters varying from 70 nm down to 22 nm with a far-field optical microscope coupled to an infrared femtosecond laser. An atomic force microscope is first used to localize the individual particles and to accurately determine their sizes. Power and polarization-dependent measurements on the individual nanoparticles reveal a diameter range between 30 and 20 nm, where deviations from bulk nonlinear optical properties … Show more

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Cited by 118 publications
(107 citation statements)
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“…Once other criteria come into play (excitation tunability, photo-stability, imaging depth in scattering samples, coherence, contrast against background) the choice for harmonic probes might become relevant. As the harmonic response of HNPs is not a surface effect (at least for sizes > − 20 30 nm) [41,45], individual particles volume V plays a major role, as the SH signal scales as V HNPs. The authors compared the value obtained (400-4800 GM) 3 with the two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency of typical fluorescent molecules (75 GM for enhanced green fluorescent protein) and CdSe quantum dots (47000 GM) [42,46].…”
Section: Signal Intensitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Once other criteria come into play (excitation tunability, photo-stability, imaging depth in scattering samples, coherence, contrast against background) the choice for harmonic probes might become relevant. As the harmonic response of HNPs is not a surface effect (at least for sizes > − 20 30 nm) [41,45], individual particles volume V plays a major role, as the SH signal scales as V HNPs. The authors compared the value obtained (400-4800 GM) 3 with the two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency of typical fluorescent molecules (75 GM for enhanced green fluorescent protein) and CdSe quantum dots (47000 GM) [42,46].…”
Section: Signal Intensitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…BFO belongs to space group R3c and the SHG tensor can be described with four nonzero independent components: d 22 , d 15 , d 31 , and d 33 . 48 Very few studies have focused on the BFO optical second harmonic properties but, recently, the relative values of the d ij tensor coefficients were determined at 1064 nm from single crystal measurements.…”
Section: Nonlinear Optical Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For oxide nanomaterials, this type of behavior was already demonstrated for several nanoparticles in the 100 nm range 53 as well as more recently for smaller nanocrystals. 11,15 In the above formulae, brackets indicate isotropic orientational averaging. The relation between hdi and the tensor components of BFO can be written, in our experimental configuration, as…”
Section: A Hyper Rayleigh Scatteringmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a matter of fact, second harmonic generation (SHG)-where two pump photons are upconverted to a single photon-has been developed as an important complementary tool to XRD, especially if the structural analysis by the latter yields ambiguous results [15,16]. In the small particle limit, however, present techniques may encounter difficulties due to diminishing nonlinear harmonic efficiencies [17], especially for higher harmonics beyond the second order, thereby enforcing intensities in the PW/m 2 -region. Combined with pulse durations of Q-switched lasers on the order of (1-10) ns, exposure leads to optothermal breakdown exceeding the damage threshold by several orders of magnitude [18], thus causing particles to melt, conglomerate, or become ablated.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%