Second harmonic generation with plasmonic metasurfaces: direct comparison of electric and magnetic resonances

Abstract

Plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures have been shown to drastically enhance local electromagnetic fields, and thereby increase the efficiency of nonlinear optical phenomena, such as second harmonic generation (SHG). While it has been experimentally observed that enhanced fields can significantly boost SHG, to date it proved difficult to probe electrical and magnetic resonances in one and the same nanostructure. This however is necessary to directly compare relative contributions of electrical and magnetic components of SHG enhancement. In this paper we report an experimental study of a metasurface capable of providing electrical and magnetic resonant SHG enhancement for TM polarization. Our metasurface could be engineered such that the peak frequencies of electrical and magnetic resonances could be adjusted independently. We used this feature to distinguish their relative contributions. Experimentally it was observed that the magnetic resonance provides only 50% as much enhancement to SHG as compared to the electric resonance. In addition aligning both resonances in frequency results in conversion efficiency of 1.32 x 10 -10 .

Nonlinear metasurfaces: a paradigm shift in nonlinear optics

“…The nonlinear response in some of these structures, such as G-shapes and SRRs, has been at least partially attributed to magnetic resonances [20], [81], [163], [167], [174], [175]. However, metasurfaces of complementary geometries, such as metallic films with holes, for which the roles of electric and magnetic resonances are swapped, have been shown to produce similar SHG responses [165].…”

“…For the sake of comparison, we note that for all setups described so far typical peak SHG power conversion efficiencies SHG SHG FF PP   ( FF P is the pump power at the fundamental frequency (FF)), from purely metallic metasurfaces are in the order of 9 10  at FF 10 50 μW P  (low enough to exclude any photodamage) [4], [83], [91], [165], [173], [175], [193]. After taking into account photon counting corrections, higher estimated values in the range of 6 10  have also been reported [167], [173].…”

Frequency-doubling effect in acoustic reflection by a nonlinear, architected rotating-square metasurface

“…Compared to the metamaterials composed of linear resonators, nonlinear metamaterials offer a rich and diverse set of nontrivial acoustic phenomena, including asymmetric transmission [11,[25][26][27][28], nonlinear pulse and soliton propagation [29][30][31], harmonic generation [32,33] and breathers [34,35]. Nevertheless, the design of nonlinear metamaterials, which was initially investigated in optics for the purpose of enhancing the higher harmonic generation [36][37][38], has been studied much less extensively in the acoustic field [39].…”

Diminutive left-handed plasmonic nanoantenna-lens system in optical realm: ultraviolet emission and flat lens application

“…Furthermore, novel active devices can be developed utilizing robust nonlinear optical effects of nanostructured materials. Accordingly, numerous issues of wave propagation including nonlinear effects and surface modes in negative index materials (NIMs) are discussed [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Thus, in this paper, new frontiers are explored to demolish the inherent limitations of scaling for LHM designs to ultraviolet and optical wavelength region exhibiting nonlinear or tunable properties with nanophotonic device application, e.g.…”