Second order diffraction efficiency of Bragg gratings written within germanosilicate fibres

Xie, Wanyi; Douay, M.; Bernage, P.; Niay, P.; Bayon, J.F.; Georges, T.

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(93)90328-3

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…where Δn 0 is saturable index change, N is the number of incident UV pulses and k is a fitting parameter [16]. The fitting parameters are likely to involve absorption cross…”

Section: Refractive Index (Ri) Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such FBGs reveal large birefringence and high degree of polarization. The prisms interferometers, simple and cost effective, are used as a method of wavefront division to holographically write first-order Bragg gratings [13][14][15][16]. A biprism interferometer offers many advantages such as high damage threshold in the absence of surface coatings, inherent fringe stability due to a single optical element, ease of fabrication and handling and suitable for Bragg wavelength tuning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

FBG inscription by a biprism interferometer: analysis and experiment

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bragg grating is made by inducing refractive index (RI) modulation, by spatially patterned UV radiation, in the core of a photosensitive optical fiber [4][5][6][7][8]. Phase mask, interferometric and point-by-point methods are used for FBG fabrication. Phase mask technique is most efficient, but wavelength specific. Distributed sensing requires multiplexing of many FBGs, each of different Bragg wavelengths, in the fiber network. Both phase mask-Talbot interferometer and point-by-point technique are suitable for writing FBGs at different Bragg wavelengths [9][10][11][12]. The long arm of Talbot or mirror-based interferometers necessitates a stable UV beam for multi-pulse FBG inscription. The stability of fringe system in a mirror-based interferometer, involving large number of optical and mechanical components, is prone to environmental disturbances. Submicron focal spot and positional accuracy of translation stages are required for fabrication of submicron period FBG by the point-by-point method. FBG fabrication by focused femtosecond laser by point-by-point method relies on refractive index changes by multi-photon absorption [12]. Such FBGs reveal large birefringence and high degree of polarization. The prisms interferometers, simple and cost effective, are used as a method of wavefront division to holographically write first-order Bragg gratings [13][14][15][16]. A biprism interferometer offers many advantages such as high damage threshold in the absence of surface coatings, inherent fringe stability due to a single optical element, ease of fabrication and handling and suitable for Bragg wavelength tuning. FBGs at different Bragg wavelengths can be inscribed by the same biprism using a geometrically diverging UV beam incident on the biprism [17]. The tuning is accomplished by translation of the fiber in the biprism fringe depth, which avoids the necessity to rotate the biprism or changing the angle of incidence of the UV beam. The tuning can also be accomplished by changing the geometrical divergence Abstract In this paper, the effect of spatial variation of fringe visibility on the length, reflectivity and wavelength tuning of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), written by a biprism interferometer, is analyzed. The variation of fringe visibility and usable fringe area are the cumulative effect of spectral and spatial frequency spectrum of the laser source, beam profile and fringe stability. It is analytically shown that with the increase in the distance of FBG writing plane from the biprism, the saturation of UV fringes-induced refractive index modulation decreases, whereas the reflectivity of FBGs inscribed will pass through a maximum. Fiber Bragg gratings are written by a UV beam (255 nm, 5.6 kHz, 30 ns) at different distances from a 24 o refraction angle biprism. The trends on experimental results matched the analysis. The maximum reflectivities observed are of 93.6 % (12 dB) for FBGs in Ge-B co-doped fiber and 99.8 % (29 dB) for FBGs in hydrogen-loaded SMF-28 fiber, attributed to the consideration of spatial vari...

show abstract

“…where Δn 0 is saturable index change, N is the number of incident UV pulses and k is a fitting parameter [16]. The fitting parameters are likely to involve absorption cross…”

Section: Refractive Index (Ri) Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

FBG inscription by a biprism interferometer: analysis and experiment

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the unavoidable 0th-order diffraction, gratings will be effected by the interference between ±1th order and 0th order. Considering the exponential dependence of the photo-induced refractive index changing and the saturation effect [10,11], the model of FBG index variation can be described by…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High order Bragg gratings for short wavelengths operation

Wang

Beresna

et al. 2016

2016 15th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conventional FBGs have an almost sinusoidal refractive-index change, thus except Δn 0 and Δn 1 , all other Fourier terms are very small and can be neglected [10,124]. Such FBGs reflect at a single wavelength as in Eq.…”

Section: Longitudinal Refractive-index Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

Thomas

Voigtländer

Becker

et al. 2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of ultrashort laser pulses for fiber grating inscription has many advantages in comparison to continuous wave and long pulse lasers. The most important one is that it allows inscription in nonphotosensitive fiber materials. In this paper the principal inscription techniques and the physical properties of femtosecond (fs) pulse written in-fiber gratings are reviewed. The role of focusing and order walk-off on the inscribed structures is emphasized. A fs pulse written fiber Bragg grating (FBG) also has a unique coupling behavior, due to a refractive index change that is independent from the fiber geometry. Selected applications of such gratings for sensing and fiber lasers are discussed.

show abstract

Second order diffraction efficiency of Bragg gratings written within germanosilicate fibres

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

FBG inscription by a biprism interferometer: analysis and experiment

FBG inscription by a biprism interferometer: analysis and experiment

High order Bragg gratings for short wavelengths operation

Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About