Second-order statistics of stochastic electromagnetic beams propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence

Abstract

We present a detailed investigation, qualitative and quantitative, on how the atmospheric turbulence with a non-Kolmogorov power spectrum affects the major statistics of stochastic electromagnetic beams, such as the spectral composition and the states of coherence and polarization. We suggest a detailed survey on how these properties evolve on propagation of beams generated by electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model sources, depending on the fractal constant alpha of the atmospheric power spectrum.

Relay Propagation of Partially Coherent Cosh-Gaussian Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

“…Including both the inner-and outer-scale effects, the non-Kolmogorov spectrum is defined as [35][36][37][38][39][40][41] …”

“…Then a non-Kolmogorov model is presented [33], which is more general to describe the practical atmosphere and reduces to the Kolmogorov model in the case of the generalized exponent α = 11/3. It has been reported that, based on this non-Kolmogorov spectrum, optical wave will provide a different property when propagating in non-Kolmogorov turbulence [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Moreover, due to the high elevation angle propagation and the altitude of the relay system, the relay propagation will inevitably propagate in non-Kolmogorov turbulence, and it requires studying the relay propagation in non-Kolmogorov turbulence for more accurate results for practical applications of relay propagation, i.e., free-space communication.…”

Effect of Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence on the Spreading of Polychromatic Partially Coherent Hermite–Gaussian Array Beams

“…The atmospheric propagation of laser beams is important for remote sensing, tracking, and longdistance optical communications, as well as military applications; an extensive study of laser-beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence has been made [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Laser beams have been extended from fully coherent to partially coherent beams [1][2][3][4], from monochromatic to polychromatic beams [5][6][7], from scalar beams to vector beams [8,9], and from a single beam to array beams [10][11][12].…”

Beam Propagation Factor of Partially Coherent Laguerre --- Gaussian Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

“…The parameter "α" is the power-law for the spectrum of the index of refraction fluctuations, and the generalized power spectrum reduces to the conventional Kolmogorov spectrum when the exponent value α = 11/3 [5,6]. Based on this model, average spreading of a Gaussian beam array, spreading and direction of Gaussian-Schell model beam and secondorder statistics of stochastic electromagnetic beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence have been studied [3,7,8]. However, to our knowledge, the propagation of other types of beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence have rarely been taken into account, even though the propagation properties of various types of laser beams in Kolmogorov turbulence have been widely studied [9][10][11][12].…”