Second primary cancers in patients with tumours of the salivary glands.

Abstract

Rates for juveniles before the courts have nearly doubled in a decade in England and Wales. Data from an epidemiological study of all the children in one community who make court appearances have been collected over nine years. Enumeration district delinquency rates for first court appearances by boys show wide and consistent differences over seven years. Similarly, such first appearance rates for schools show wide and consistent differences. No comparable data on the distribution of family disruption in the population of the study area are yet available, but an assessment of first offenders showed the majority of children to come from normal family circumstances, as defined.Turning to second and later court appearances-boys repeatedly before the courts present a serious and intractable problem-showed that enumeration district delinquency rates were not specially related to reappearance; that school rates for second and later court appearances were possibly related to reappearance; and that family factors were definitely related. The interrelationship of the three influences-neighbourhood, school, and family-on first and later court appearances has theoretical and practical implications that were discussed. This study forms part of a more extensive survey of multiple primary tumours currently under investigation in the B irng Regional Cancer Registry. A method was outlined for computing expected numbers of second primary tumours, using morbidity figures from the Registry applied to the sanple population expressed in terms of patient-years at risk. The significance of the difference between observed and expected numbers of tumours was assessed by means of the Poisson distribution.A significantly increased number of breast tumours was demonstrated in women who had had salivary gland tumours. Certain other sites, skin in particular, also showed increases sufficient to merit further examination. The mortality of Cumberland iron-ore miners was studied by examining the death certificates of 5,811 men who died between 1948 and 1967 and had been resident in two local authority areas in which the great majority of the iron-ore miners lived. Comparisons of the iron-ore miners' experience with (1) that of other local men and 2) the relevant national experience provided an assessment of the suspected occupational risk of lung cancer associated with haematite mining. During the 20-year period there were 42 deaths attributed to lung cancer among iron mine employees resident in the study area; 36 of these occurred in miners working underground, which was significantly greater than the number expected from local non-mining experience (20-6 deaths) or from national experience (21P5 deaths). In contrast to these findings, there was no evidence of any excess mortality from lung cancer among surface workers and, for iron miners as a whole, mortality from other cancers was close to normal. A parallel analysis of mortality among coal miners showed a deficit of deaths from lung cancer in line with other studies. The patterns of other ...

Second primary malignancies following salivary gland cancers

“…Despite this, we were unable to confirm a significant increase in risk of breast cancer, as has been reported by Berg et al (1968) and by Prior & Waterhouse (1977), but not found by Moertel & Elveback (1969) or Dunn et al (1972). (Table II) The small excess we observed was not statistically significant, but the relative risk of 1.3 fell within the confidence intervals of all earlier studies except that by Berg et al (1968).…”

“…Bronchial cancer excesses were also observed in the study by Prior & Waterhouse (1977). They raise the possibility that the excesses might be due to an underestimate of the expected number of bronchial cancers, since the rates of lung cancer changed dramatically over the period of their study but were averaged to provide an expected number.…”

“…Patients diagnosed as having their first salivary gland cancer at <60 y of age had no excess of breast cancer (O/E 3/3.25; RR 0.9). Thus there was no higher risk in women with a younger age at diagnosis of salivary gland cancer, as suggested by Prior & Waterhouse (1977). Among women first diagnosed >60 y, the relative risk was 1.8 (O/E 4/2.25).…”

“…Berg et al (1968) first drew attention to an excess risk of breast cancer in women who had had previous salivary gland malignancy and suggested that both cancers might have a common aetiology. However other studies have not confirmed the 8-fold excess risk found in the initial report, one reporting a much lower but still significant excess (Prior & Waterhouse, 1977), while others reporting no significant increase (Moertel & Elveback, 1969;Dunn et al, 1972 A second primary cancer was defined as any invasive malignancy occurring 2 or more months after the diagnosis of the first primary. The diagnosis of the pathologist was accepted as correct, and no attempt was made to verify the diagnosis.…”

Second primary cancer after major salivary gland carcinoma

“…An association between salivary gland carcinoma and second primary breast cancer has been previously noted in several studies. [16][17][18] In 1 study, a 2.5-fold risk for breast cancer was shown after both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. 19 On the contrary, Biggar et al 20 did not find an increased breast cancer risk after salivary gland carcinoma.…”