Second to fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio and their relationships among a mother and child population in Ghana

Banyeh, Moses; Amidu, Nafiu; Quaye, Lawrence

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92358-x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Studies among monozygotic and dizygotic twins have shown that the heritability of digit ratios in males was higher in the left than the right hand, this was a further indication of the high responsiveness of the right to prenatal androgen exposure than the left‐hand (Gobrogge et al, 2008). More details on the heritability of digit ratios can be found in an earlier population by the same authors (Banyeh et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The detailed method for the collection of sociodemographic and anthropometric variables of mother‐offspring pair can be found in a previously published work by the same authors (Banyeh et al, 2021). A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the medical and demographic data of the studied population including offspring weight at birth, weight at sampling, fetal length, and fetal condition at birth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between offspring's 2D:4D ratio and postpartum maternal circulating testosterone, estradiol, and their indices in a Ghanaian population

Banyeh

Amidu

Quaye

2021

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives The 2D:4D ratio is influenced by prenatal testosterone (PT) and estrogen (PE) exposure in utero. This study sought to determine whether evidence of Manning's hypothesis can still be observed even in the postpartum period. We hypothesize that the offspring 2D:4D ratios will be inversely correlated with maternal postpartum circulating testosterone but positively correlated with estradiol. Methods This study was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021 and was cross‐sectional in nature. There were 272 mother‐offspring pairs; the mothers were aged between 18 and 36 years while the median (IQR) age of their offspring was 111 (44–210) days. Offspring right (2D:4DR) and left (2D:4DL) digit ratios were measured using computer‐assisted analysis. Sampling was done at 111 (44–210) days postpartum and blood was analyzed for total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone‐binding globulins using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results The 2D:4DR of sons was significantly lower compared to daughters (p = .031). Mothers with sons had significantly increased levels of serum TT (p = .001) while mothers with daughters had significantly increased levels of E2 (p = .000). As hypothesized, the maternal serum free testosterone (FT%) was inversely correlated with their daughters' (r = −0.320, p = .003), and also with their sons' (r = −0.213, p = .047), 2D:4DL. Unexpectedly, daughters' 2D:4DL was inversely correlated with maternal circulating free E2 (r = −0.255, p = .015). Conclusions In humans, evidence of the relationship between maternal testosterone levels and their offspring's 2D:4D ratio may persist even into the postpartum period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between offspring's 2D:4D ratio and postpartum maternal circulating testosterone, estradiol, and their indices in a Ghanaian population

Banyeh

Amidu

Quaye

2021

American J Hum Biol

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“…The study was cross‐sectional between December 2020 and April 2021 and was carried out at the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) unit in Tamale. The study population was a subsample of a previous study from which some works have been published (Banyeh et al, 2021a , b ; Banyeh & Amidu, 2022 ). The study population comprised 178 mother–offspring dyads (mother–daughter pair = 90, mother–son pair = 88).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can maternal postpartum testosterone and estradiol retrospectively predict the offspring's sex at birth? A cross‐sectional study in Ghana

Banyeh,

Shittu,

Ziblim

et al. 2023

Physiological Reports

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The selection of X-or Y-bearing spermatozoa during fertilization may depend on maternal circulating sex hormones. The zona pellucida of the developing oocyte is adapted to be selective for the Y-bearing spermatozoa when maternal circulating androgens are relatively high. This study sought to determine whether maternal postpartum testosterone and estradiol can retrospectively predict the offspring sex at birth. The study was cross-sectional from December 2020 to April 2021 at the Reproductive and Child Health unit in Tamale. The participants were part of a previous study and comprised 178 mother-offspring dyads (motherdaughter = 90, mother-son = 88). The mothers were between the ages of 18 and 35 years and had a median (interquartile range-IQR) postpartum interval of 111 (60-187) days. A single venous blood sample was drawn from the mothers between 8.00 am and 12.00 pm local time on each day to reduce diurnal variation.Postpartum serum estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were assayed using the ELISA technique. The serum total testosterone and the testosterone-to-estradiol ratio (TT: E 2 ) were higher in mothers with sons while estradiol was higher in mothers with daughters (p < 0.050). The total testosterone and TT: E 2 did not markedly differ by their area under the curve (AUC: 0.91 and 0.99, respectively) but both were higher than the AUC of estradiol (0.72). The

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“…This current analysis utilizes data from participants of a larger study (Banyeh et al, 2021a(Banyeh et al, , 2021b. The study involved 132 mother-daughter and 140 mother-son pairs.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between the 2D:4D ratio and offspring sex at birth: A cross‐sectional study in Ghana

Banyeh

Amidu

2022

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives The 2D:4D ratio is the putative marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Low maternal 2D:4D ratio has been associated with high or male‐biased secondary sex ratio. Hitherto, there has not been any study in Ghana regarding the maternal 2D:4D ratio and sex ratio at birth. This study sought to investigate this observation in a Ghanaian population. Method The study was cross‐sectional from December 2020 to April 2021 involving 272 first‐time mothers. The mean ± SD age of the mothers was 23.9 ± 3.67 years. The right (2D:4DR), the left (2D:4DL), the mean (M2D:4D) digit ratios and the right–left difference (Dr‐l) of the mothers were measured using computer‐assisted analysis. The mothers were stratified by their digit ratios, and the cohort sex ratio (CSR) for each stratum was then calculated as the proportion of sons. Results The mean ± SD of the 2D:4DR of mothers‐with‐daughters and mothers‐with‐sons were 0.941 ± 0.032 and 0.933 ± 0.037, respectively. The mean ± SD of the 2D:4DL of mothers‐with‐daughters was 0.934 ± 0.034, while that of mothers‐with‐sons was 0.931 ± 0.039. The offspring sex at birth and the CSR was not associated with either the mother's right, left, mean 2D:4D ratio or their difference (Dr‐l). However, mothers‐with‐daughters showed rightward asymmetry in their 2D:4D ratios as the Dr‐l significantly and positively deviated from zero (p < .010). Conclusion The maternal 2D:4D ratio may not be associated with their offspring sex at birth among first‐time mothers. This study adds to the limited data on studies regarding offspring sex at birth and the 2D:4D ratio in Ghana and Sub‐Saharan Africa.

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Second to fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio and their relationships among a mother and child population in Ghana

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

The relationship between offspring's 2D:4D ratio and postpartum maternal circulating testosterone, estradiol, and their indices in a Ghanaian population

The relationship between offspring's 2D:4D ratio and postpartum maternal circulating testosterone, estradiol, and their indices in a Ghanaian population

Can maternal postpartum testosterone and estradiol retrospectively predict the offspring's sex at birth? A cross‐sectional study in Ghana

The association between the 2D:4D ratio and offspring sex at birth: A cross‐sectional study in Ghana

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