Secondary Bacterial Infection Rates Among Patients With COVID-19

Bahçeci, İ̇lkay; Yıldız, İlknur Esen; Duran, Ömer; Soztanaci, Umut Serkan; Harbawi, Zeynep Kirdi; Şenol, Feray Ferda; Demiral, Gökhan

doi:10.7759/cureus.22363

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the present study, bloodstream infections were confirmed as the second most frequent infective complication, with a significant proportion being Gram-negative pathogens [ 21 , 53 , 54 ]. The elevated prevalence of Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Co-Infections and Superinfections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Are Associated with CT Imaging Abnormalities and the Worst Outcomes

et al. 2022

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Background: Bacterial and fungal co-infections and superinfections have a critical role in the outcome of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of 95 patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19-related ARDS during the first (February–May 2020) and second waves of the pandemic (October 2020–January 2021). Demographic and clinical data, CT imaging features, and pulmonary and extra-pulmonary complications were recorded, as well as the temporal evolution of CT findings when more than one scan was available. The presence of co-infections and superinfections was registered, reporting the culprit pathogens and the specimen type for culture. A comparison between patients with and without bacterial and/or co-infections/superinfections was performed. Results: Sixty-three patients (66.3%) developed at least one confirmed co-infection/superinfection, with 52 (82.5%) developing pneumonia and 43 (68.3%) bloodstream infection. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common co-pathogens identified and Aspergillus spp. was the most frequent pulmonary microorganism. Consolidations, cavitations, and bronchiectasis were significantly associated with the presence of co-infections/superinfections (p = 0.009, p = 0.010 and p = 0.009, respectively); when considering only patients with pulmonary co-pathogens, only consolidations remained statistically significative (p = 0.004). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was significantly associated with the presence of cavitations and bronchiectasis (p < 0.001). Patients with co-infections/superinfections presented a significantly higher mortality rate compared to patients with COVID-19 only (52.4% vs. 25%, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Bacterial and fungal co-infections and superinfections are frequent in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU and are associated with worse outcomes. Imaging plays an important role in monitoring critically ill COVID-19 patients and may help detect these complications, suggesting further laboratory investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Co-Infections and Superinfections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Are Associated with CT Imaging Abnormalities and the Worst Outcomes

et al. 2022

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“…In another recent report, the rate of bacterial co-infections was confirmed in 1055 COVID-19 patients via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, demonstrating that K. pneumoniae was among the other detected bacteria [ 50 ].…”

Section: Collected Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems Associated with Co-Infection by Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Patients: A Review

Yahya

2022

Healthcare

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To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its variants have been reported as a novel public health concern threatening us worldwide. The presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19-infected patients is a major problem due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics, and it can possibly make the management of COVID-19 in patients more problematic. The impact of co-infection by K. pneumoniae on COVID-19 patients was explored in the current review. The spread of K. pneumoniae as a co-infection among critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly throughout hospitalization, was identified and recorded via numerous reports. Alarmingly, the extensive application of antibiotics in the initial diagnosis of COVID-19 infection may reduce bacterial co-infection, but it increases the antibiotic resistance of bacteria such as the strains of K. pneumoniae. The correct detection of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae can offer a supportive reference for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the prevention and control of K. pneumoniae are required to minimize the risk of COVID-19. The aim of the present review is, therefore, to report on the virulence factors of the K. pneumonia genotypes, the drug resistance of K. pneumonia, and the impact of K. pneumoniae co-infection with COVID-19 on patients through a study of the published scientific papers, reports, and case studies.

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“…Based on the findings of microbial culture tests, 92 (8.7%) patients had respiratory or circulatory tract infections that were microbiologically confirmed. Out of 61 patients, respiratory tract infections were found in 44 patients to be monomicrobial and 17 patients to be polymicrobial [ 42 ]. Of 94 included patients, 68% acquired at least one of the studied SBIs during their ICU stay.…”

Section: Higher Rates Of Sbis In Covid-19 Patients: a Primary Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-Derived Depolymerase: Its Possible Role for Secondary Bacterial Infections in COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2023

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As of 29 July 2022, there had been a cumulative 572,239,451 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, including 6,390,401 fatalities. COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms are usually treated with a combination of virus- and drug-induced immuno-suppression medicines. Critical clinical complications of the respiratory system due to secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) could be the reason for the high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance is increasing daily, and only a few options are available in our antimicrobial armory. Hence, alternative therapeutic options such as enzymes derived from bacteriophages can be considered for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients. In particular, phage-derived depolymerases have high antivirulent potency that can efficiently degrade bacterial capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides. They have emerged as a promising class of new antibiotics and their therapeutic role for bacterial infections is already confirmed in animal models. This review provides an overview of the rising incidence of SBIs among COVID-19 patients. We present a practicable novel workflow for phage-derived depolymerases that can easily be adapted for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients.

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Secondary Bacterial Infection Rates Among Patients With COVID-19

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the factors and rates of secondary bacterial infections developed in patients after the diagnosis of COVID-19 and antimicrobial susceptibility to guide the empirical treatment and contribute to epidemiological data.

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Co-Infections and Superinfections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Are Associated with CT Imaging Abnormalities and the Worst Outcomes

Co-Infections and Superinfections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Are Associated with CT Imaging Abnormalities and the Worst Outcomes

Problems Associated with Co-Infection by Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Patients: A Review

Phage-Derived Depolymerase: Its Possible Role for Secondary Bacterial Infections in COVID-19 Patients

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