SECONDARY BATTERIES | Magnesium Batteries (Secondary and Primary)

Gofer, Yosef; Chusid, Orit; Aurbach, Doron

doi:10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00857-1

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1 Rechargeable Mg battery research had been developing very slowly since the 1920's but had recently gained a big momentum. Magnesium battery systems will have great difficulties to outperform lithium systems In terms of energy and power density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Shterenberg

Salama

Yoo

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

328

445

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MgTFSI 2 is the only ether-soluble "simple" magnesium salt. The poor electrochemical performance of Mg electrodes in its solutions hinders its practicality as a viable electrolyte for Mg batteries. MgTFSI 2 /DME solutions were demonstrated to dissolve large quantities of MgCl 2 and produce electrolyte solutions with superior performance, though the electrochemical performance, mainly in terms of reversibility, of MgTFSI 2 /MgCl 2 (DME) solutions cannot yet compete with that of organometallic based electrolyte solutions. We believe that the solutions' purity level governs the overall electrochemical performance, especially in solutions where a strong reductant (i.e Grignard reagent) is not present to act as an impurity scavenger. In this work, we alter the performance of the MgTFSI 2 /MgCl 2 (DME) solutions through chemical and electrochemical conditioning and demonstrate the effect on the solutions' electrochemical characteristics. We demonstrate relatively high reversible behavior of Mg deposition/dissolution with crystalline uniformity of the Mg deposits, complemented by a fully reversible intercalation/de-intercalation process of Mg ions into Mo 6 S 8 cathodes. We also investigated LiTFSI/MgCl 2 solutions which exhibited even higher reversibility than MgTFSI 2 /MgCl 2 (DME) solutions, which we attribute to the higher purity level available for the LiTFSI salt. Magnesium is a natural candidate anode material for "next generation" rechargeable batteries due to its high volumetric capacity (3833 mAh/cm 3 ), low reduction potential (−2.3 V) wide abundance, and low price.1 Rechargeable Mg battery research had been developing very slowly since the 1920's but had recently gained a big momentum. Magnesium battery systems will have great difficulties to outperform lithium systems In terms of energy and power density. However, they possess several properties that make them desirable, as they are expected to benefit from a cheaper price and lower hazard levels. One of the core issues developing rechargeable magnesium batteries is the formulation of electrolytic solutions that support reversible magnesium deposition. Other properties such as sufficient ionic conductivity, adequate magnesium ion concentration, and a wide electrochemical window are also mandatory. 15 years ago we synthesized electrolyte solutions that possessed most of the key features listed above. These electrolyte solutions were the product of a Lewis acid/base reaction in which R 2 Mg moieties such as Bu 2 Mg served as the base component, and RAlCl 2 species such as EtAlCl 2 served as the acid component.Hence, we could demonstrate a family of organometallic electrolyte solutions for rechargeable Mg batteries known as di-chloro complex solutions (DCC).2,3 Unfortunately, even the best DCC electrolyte solution does not possess the minimum requirement needed for next generation rechargeable magnesium batteries, e.g. wide electrochemical stability window (>2.2 V), chemical stability and safety. The use of aromatic ligands enabled to develop electrolyte solu...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Shterenberg

Salama

Yoo

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

328

445

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“…However, this large-scale production of LIBs may be hampered by the limited lithium resource reserves (Hou et al, 2017;Li and Bjerrum, 2002;Wang et al, 2017). Cheaper and more abundant elements such as sodium, magnesium, and aluminum-based battery systems have been recently investigated as an alternative to LIBs (Gofer et al, 2009;Li and Bjerrum, 2002;Slater et al, 2013). Among these elements, sodium has attracted much attention as it is the second-lightest and the smallest alkali metal next to lithium in the periodic table.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical intercalation of graphite using chromium trioxide for the anode application in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

et al. 2022

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Among naturally occurring graphite, Sri Lankan vein graphite (SLVG) is well known for its high initial purity in the range of 95 -99% carbon, high crystallinity, extensive mineralization, and mode of occurrences. Due to its distinctive properties, Sri Lankan vein graphite has been proved to be a promising anode material for rechargeable Lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications. With the increasing demand for rechargeable energy sources, the supply of Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) could be hindered by the limited lithium reserves. Therefore, alternatives for Lithium in LIBs are being explored. In this context Sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have attracted much attention during the recent past. This study focused on studying the intercalation and deintercalation of Na + ions into the domain of Graphite Intercalation Compound (GIC), fabricated from natural vein graphite, for the anode application of rechargeable SIBs. Graphite Intercalation Compounds with CrO 3 (GIC-CO) were successfully synthesized using SLVG as the starting material. The synthesized GIC-CO exhibited an interlayer spacing of 4.02 Å which is regarded to be suitable for Na + ion intercalation. The anode material fabricated from GIC-CO showed a capacity of 26.9 mA h g -1 which is higher than that of pristine graphite (13 mA h g -1 ). This shows the potential of utilizing this GIC for anode applications in SIBs. The anode could be improved by optimizing the molar ratios of CrO 3 and the reaction time to obtain expanded graphite making it appropriate for high-capacity SIB application.

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“…It has been used only in reserve batteries, i.e. in cells which are filled with an electrolyte solution only immediately before use like in buoys or life vests for illumination or radio transmission [35]. Progress in magnesium battery technology has been reviewed elsewhere [36].…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes – Materials for negative electrodes in electrochemical energy technology

Holze¹

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The basic concepts of electrodes and electrochemical cells (including both galvanic and electrolytic ones) are introduced and illustrated with practical examples. Particular attention is paid to negative electrodes in primary and secondary cells, fuel cell electrodes and electrodes in redox flow batteries. General features and arguments pertaining to selection, optimization and further development are highlighted.

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SECONDARY BATTERIES | Magnesium Batteries (Secondary and Primary)

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Evaluation of (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Chemical intercalation of graphite using chromium trioxide for the anode application in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

Anodes – Materials for negative electrodes in electrochemical energy technology

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SECONDARY BATTERIES | Magnesium Batteries (Secondary and Primary)

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of (CF3SO2)2N−(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Evaluation of (CF3SO2)2N−(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Chemical intercalation of graphite using chromium trioxide for the anode application in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

Anodes – Materials for negative electrodes in electrochemical energy technology

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Evaluation of (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries

Evaluation of (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻(TFSI) Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg Batteries