Secondary chondrosarcoma in the mandibular condyle

Abstract

We report the case of a woman who had secondary chondrosarcoma in an osteochondroma in the left mandibular condyle, presenting as a large lobulated bone density mass in the left condyle process, to illustrate the clinical characteristics and imaging findings.

A Rare and Interesting Case of a Massive Secondary Spinal Chondrosarcoma and Review of the Literature

“…Plain radiographs usually demonstrate a radiolucent lesion with varying degrees of a cartilage type matrix calcification, usually a “ ring and arc ” calcification pattern [ 1 , 14 ]. CT scans classically show osteolytic lesions with speckled calcification, aggressive growth from scalloping, and destruction to extension into soft tissue, all of which were evident in our patient's radiological imaging [ 14 , 16 ]. Both MRI and CT scans are key components in preoperative planning stage for the surgeon, giving useful information about the tumour and its relationship with vital structures and the adjacent neurovasculature [ 4 , 22 ].…”

“…Primary chondrosarcomas, which account for two-thirds of all chondrosarcomas, arise de novo and are a tumour of adulthood and old age, with a peak incidence in the fifth and seventh decades of life. Secondary chondrosarcomas, which constitute the remaining one-third of all chondrosarcomas, are those that are superimposed on preexisting osteochondromas or enchondromas [ 16 , 17 ]. This group of tumours occurs in a relatively younger group of patients, with the average age of diagnosis reported to be around 35 years [ 17 – 19 ].…”

“…The true incidence of malignant transformation remains unclear, as many osteochondromas and enchondromas are asymptomatic and are rarely identified [ 11 , 17 ]. However, the risk of developing chondrosarcoma in a solitary osteochondroma is reported to be 1% and 10% for those with HME [ 16 , 18 ]. To the best of our knowledge, only 3 other cases of a secondary lumbar spine chondrosarcoma arising from a solitary osteochondroma have been reported in the English literature [ 7 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Both MRI and CT scans are key components in preoperative planning stage for the surgeon, giving useful information about the tumour and its relationship with vital structures and the adjacent neurovasculature [ 4 , 22 ]. In addition, MRI imaging is also the best modality for differentiating between chondrosarcoma and osteochondromas and also for evaluating the cartilaginous cap, which is an important criterion for the malignant transformation of osteochondromas [ 16 , 20 ].…”

Squash Cytology of a Dural-Based High-Grade Chondrosarcoma May Mimic That of Glioblastoma in the Central Nervous System

“…It is frequently induced by previous radiation or by an antecedent osseous lesion such as Paget's disease or fibrous dysplasia or osteochondroma, etc. [28,29]. Meningeal chondrosarcoma may originate from 3 plausible cells: pluripotent meningeal mesenchymal cells, metaplasia of meningeal fibroblasts and remnants of embryonal cartilaginous tissue during development [30,31,32,33].…”