Secondary Electron Emission of NiCr and AlBe Alloys

Secondary Electron Emission Materials for Transmission Dynodes in Novel Photomultipliers: A Review

“…Many insulating materials (summarized in Table 1) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26] were found to have high SEY and were successfully employed in commercial PMs based on a reflection configuration (Section 4.1). Since the 90s, diamond based materials (Section 4.2) have been another extensively studied system for SEE applications.…”

“…A selection of materials without NEA activation process with RSEY (>3) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] have been summarized in Table 1. The majority of the RSEY data were documented by Kenneth et al in 1948 [25] and Joy et al in 2008 [1].…”

“…The majority of the RSEY data were documented by Kenneth et al in 1948 [25] and Joy et al in 2008 [1]. All these materials are wide-band-gap insulators, for example, alkali halides, alkaline earth compounds with an exception of AlBe, NiCr alloys [24]. Due to the lack of detail on material characterization, the high yield of these alloys was not well understood.…”