Secondary Malignancy of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Haugen, Bryan R.; Nawaz, Samia; Cohn, Allen Lee; Shroyer, Kenneth R.; Bunn, Paul A.; Liechty, Dale R.; Ridgway, E. Chester

doi:10.1089/thy.1994.4.297

Cited by 87 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2 Careful clinical assessment, ultrasonography, FNAC and sometimes diagnostic hemithyroidectomy help identify those patients with thyroid carcinoma. It is also important to identify the even smaller number of patients who present with a thyroid nodule due to a metastasis, 3 since such patients usually have advanced malignant disease. Thyroidectomy in such patients is likely to be difficult and carry increased risks of complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The most common primary sources of metastatic thyroid nodules presenting clinically are extracervical, namely renal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, breast and skin, and gastrointestinal cancer. 3,6,7 At autopsy, the most common primary sources are breast (26%), and lung (25%), melanomas (11%) and renal cell carcinomas (10%). 3 Metastasis to the thyroid gland is associated with a very poor prognosis, with mean survival time ranging from two weeks to three months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,6,7 At autopsy, the most common primary sources are breast (26%), and lung (25%), melanomas (11%) and renal cell carcinomas (10%). 3 Metastasis to the thyroid gland is associated with a very poor prognosis, with mean survival time ranging from two weeks to three months. 4,6 In our series, it is clear that thyroidectomy would not have been advantageous to any of the patients, though aggressive treatment with surgical resection has a place in certain cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysphagia with a thyroid nodule: is there a primary aerodigestive malignancy?

et al. 2008

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SummaryThree cases of laryngopharyngeal primary squamous cell carcinoma presenting with thyroid nodules are described.The key message to take away from these cases is that patients with advanced malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract can present with a thyroid nodule. Case series Case 1An 83-year-old woman presented with a sixmonth history of progressive dysphagia, hoarseness, weight loss and a left-sided neck lump. Examination revealed a hard thyroid mass moving on swallowing. Ultra-sound scan confirmed a 2 cm mass in the left thyroid lobe. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Barium swallow and subsequent pharyngoscopy under general anaesthesia showed a malignant stricture of the cervical oesophagus. Palliative radiotherapy was declined by the patient, who died two months later. Case 2A 60-year-old woman presented with a six-week history of a right-sided neck lump, dysphagia, hoarseness, weight loss and aspiration when drinking. On examination, there was a right lower neck mass and right vocal cord palsy. FNAC was non-diagnostic. An MRI scan showed a mass arising in the right lobe of thyroid encasing the carotid sheath and brachiocephalic artery (Figure 1). Open biopsy of the mass showed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopy under general anaesthesia showed a small supraglottic carcinoma. Palliative chemotherapy was declined and the patient died six weeks later. Case 3The family of the third case, that of a small supraglottic cancer metastasising to the thyroid, would not give consent to publication of further clinical details.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysphagia with a thyroid nodule: is there a primary aerodigestive malignancy?

et al. 2008

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“…2 However, lung and breast carcinomas are the most frequently identified primaries found at autopsy, while renal cell carcinoma comprises over 50% of secondary thyroid malignancies diagnosed clinically. 3 Very rarely, the primary tumor can be a soft tissue tumor such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Thyroid gland involvement by secondary malignancies can be part of multi-organ involvement, 4 or rarely can be a site of solitary metastasis as from renal cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastases to Follicular Adenoma of Thyroid: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Shomaf

2002

Ann Saudi Med

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Metastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence, and metastasis to a pre-existing thyroid lesion is much rarer still. The most common sites of primary metastases are the lung, breast, kidney, skin and stomach. Usually the presence of a thyroid gland metastasis is discovered on post mortem examination, while clinically evident metastasis can be mistaken for primary thyroid carcinoma. Case ReportA 40-year-old female patient was diagnosed with breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma in 1994. The patient had segmental mastectomy and axillary clearance followed by six courses of chemotherapy. On her admission to receive the sixth course of chemotherapy in 1996, she was noticed to have left thyroid solitary nodule. Thyroid CT scan showed a single cold left thyroid nodule which was followed by left hemithyroidectomy. The histopathological examination of the specimen showed a thyroid adenoma containing foci of metastatic mammary carcinoma which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and further work-up for breast cancer failed to demonstrate any metastases. In the following months, the patient was doing fairly well except for a right upper arm edema. In 1997, follow-up CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed bony osteoblastic lesion in the pelvic bone. There was no evidence of secondary metastasis involving the liver, spleen or lung, neither was there any evidence of local or axillary recurrence. Thyroid CT scan showed no abnormalities. The patient continued to be free of distant metastasis for two years except for pelvic bone deposits which became multiple and larger in size. The patient was then lost to follow-up until she presented again to the clinic in February 2000, with abdominal distension and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, but with no evidence of local recurrence. CT scan of the abdomen and chest showed small multiple lesions in the lung and the liver which were considered to be metastatic deposits. The patient's general health deteriorated and she developed pancytopenia and died shortly afterwards. No postmortem examination was performed. Pathological FindingsMacroscopic examination revealed a dark brown left thyroid lobe moderately firm in consistency. Cut sections revealed the presence of a well-circumscribed nodule measuring 2.5x3 cm in diameter, with no evidence of hemorrhage or necrosis. The rest of the thyroid tissue was unremarkable.Microscopic examination of the sections showed normal thyroid tissue containing follicular adenoma with a predominantly microfollicular pattern. The capsule was thin and completely surrounded the nodule with no evidence of capsular or vascular invasion.The follicles were small, round, and contained colloid material. Scattered throughout the thyroid adenoma, but mainly centrally, were atypical mitotically active cellular nests. The cells had large pleomorphic nuclei, with prominent nucleoli (Figure 1). Some of the islands showed a background of fibrous tissue surrounding and intrapping individual and sm...

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“…Two to three percent of all thyroid malignant tumors are metastatic; this incidence can be higher in autopsies, ranging from 5 to 24% [1][2][3][4][5], as part of widespread metastatic disease or direct invasion to the gland from an adjacent tumor [6]. Different types of solid tumors can metastasize to the thyroid including malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), breast cancer, lung carcinoma, hematologic malignancies, and head and neck tumors [1,[7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid—Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Bohn

Casas²,

Leon

2009

Head and Neck Pathol

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Metastatic disease to thyroid gland is a rare event. Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been reported to metastasize the thyroid gland, metastatic RCC to a thyroid neoplasm is very unusual. We report a case of a 68-year-old man with history of RCC who presented with a 2.5-cm thyroid nodule. Histologic examination demonstrates a renal cell carcinoma metastatic to a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The clinicopathologic features of metastatic disease into a thyroid gland neoplasm are shown, and a review of the literature is presented.

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Secondary Malignancy of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 87 publications

References 15 publications

Dysphagia with a thyroid nodule: is there a primary aerodigestive malignancy?

Dysphagia with a thyroid nodule: is there a primary aerodigestive malignancy?

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastases to Follicular Adenoma of Thyroid: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid—Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

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