Secondary Metabolism and Antimicrobial Metabolites of Penicillium

Kumar, Avnish; Asthana, Monika; Gupta, Ankur; Nigam, Darshika; Mahajan, Surabhi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63501-3.00003-x

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The Penicillium subgenus produces numerous beneficial secondary metabolites, which have antibiotic, antifungal, immunosuppressive, and cholesterol-lowering properties. 29 The altered relative abundance of Penicillium was restored in RA patients via treatment with csDMARDs alone ( Figure 5a ). Lachnospiraceae are reportedly abundant in ACPA-positive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

et al. 2022

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with the oral and gut microbiomes. Fungal cell wall components initiate inflammatory arthritis in mouse models. However, little is known regarding the role of the fungal community in the pathogenesis of RA. To evaluate the association between RA and the gut microbiome, investigations of bacterial and fungal communities in patients with RA are necessary. Therefore, we investigated the compositions and associations of fecal bacterial and fungal communities in 30 healthy controls and 99 patients with RA. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Blautia decreased, whereas the relative abundance of Streptococcus increased, in patients with RA. The relative abundance of Candida in the fecal fungal community was higher in patients with RA than in healthy controls, while the relative abundance of Aspergillus was higher in healthy controls than in patients with RA. Candida species-specific gene amplification showed that C. albicans was the most abundant species of Candida . Ordination analysis and random forest classification models supported the findings of structural changes in bacterial and fungal communities. Aspergillus was the core fecal fungal genus in healthy controls, although Saccharomyces spp. are typically predominant in Western cohorts. In addition, bacterial–fungal association analyses showed that the hub node had shifted from fungi to bacteria in patients with RA. The finding of fungal dysbiosis in patients with RA suggests that fungi play critical roles in the fecal microbial communities and pathogenesis of RA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

et al. 2022

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“…Patulin is known to be antibacterial, cytotoxic and perhaps even anticarcinogenic (Kumar et al, 2018). It is classified in group 3 as not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to human by IARC (Varga et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfungi of Grapes From Small Carpathian Region in Slovakia

Felšöciová¹,

Kačániová²

2019

JMBFS

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The incidence of filamentous fungi and toxin levels in grapes and wines varies depending on the variety of grapes, the wine region, agricultural practices, weather conditions, the harvest and the winemaking process (Freire et al., 2017). The mycobiota frequently isolated from grapes includes the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Botrytis and Fusarium (Trinidad et al., 2015). Penicillium is a diverse fungal genus of ascomycetous fungi and contains more than 350 species (Visagie et al., 2014) playing various roles in natural ecosystems, agriculture, and biotechnology. Species of Penicillium are ubiquitous soil fungi, preferring cool and moderate climates commonly present in organic materials. Most of the species are saprophytes and live mainly on organic biodegradable substances (Kirk et al., 2008). Penicilli have a large economic impact on human life. They have two sidesa good and beneficial one and a bad and economically destructive one. Many species of Penicillium are of proven importance because of their widespread occurrence and ability to produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites, including antibacterial, antifungal, immune suppressants, cholesterol-lowering agents etc. (Petit et al., 2009). Some species produce toxins and may render food inedible or even dangerous (Visagie et al., 2013). Penicillum expansum can cause rot in grapes, but does not usually attack grapes before harvest. Aside from losses in fruit, this species is regarded as the major producer of patulin, although this species produces many other toxic metabolites such as citrinin, roquefortine C or chaetoglobosins among others (Andersen et al., 2004). Mycotoxins are secondary metabolities produced by filamentous fungi either preor postharvest and which can contaminate agricultural food and feed products and have detrimental effects on human and animal health. Much of the research on mycotoxins, including recent research on the effects of climate change on mycotoxins, has focused on Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium species, as they are the major mycotoxin-producing fungi in field crops and stored products in the world (Paris et al., 2015). The most important mycotoxin in wine is ochratoxin A (OTA) (Amézqueta et al., 2009; Varga and Kozakiewicz, 2006). The role of OTA producing penicillia in contaminating wine is of interest, although isolation from grapes is considered infrequent. However, Mikušová et al. (2010) isolated OTA-producing P. verrucosum from Slovakian grapes. Rousseaux et al. (2014) reported OTAproducing Penicillium species from grapes in northern Italy and France, suggesting they could be involved in OTA contamination. The production of OTA from Chinese penicillia (Zhang et al., 2016) requires confirmation (Perrone et al., 2017). In general, isolating OTA fungi from grapes should not exclude penicillia. The aim of our study was to monitor the mycobiota of grapes and determine the characteristic mycotoxin production profiles of Penicillium strains (patulin, citrinin, and roquefortin ...

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“…Endophytic Penicillium sp. is known to be an important source of antibiotics 24,25 . There are reports on azaphilones isolated from mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived fungus of Penicillum sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

IJPSR

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Endophyte is a rich source of bioactive metabolites for medicinal exploitation as an increasing number of novel compounds with bioactive potential are now being isolated from this source. This study was conducted to characterize and explore endophytic fungi from marine weeds available in Bangladesh. The whole weed was used for isolation of endophytic fungi in the water agar media and the isolated fungi were identified through macroscopic and microscopic observation. Small scale cultivation was performed on liquid Wickersham media. Cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antioxidant activities were evaluated following brine shrimp lethality bioassay, disc diffusion method and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. A total of five endophytic fungi were isolated, purified and characterized from four seaweeds; Hypnea musciformis (HM), Sargassum crassifolium (SC), Dictyota dichotoma (DD) and Caulerpa peltata (CP). They were coded as HMWE-1, HMWE-2, SCWE-1, DDWE-1 and CPWE-1. The fungal strains HMWE-1 and SCWE-1 were identified morphologically as Fusarium sp., HMWE-2 and DDWE-1 as Penicillium sp. and CPWE-1 as Aspergillus sp. DDWE-1 fungal strain showed significant antioxidant activity in comparison to the standard, ascorbic acid. The fungal extracts CPWE-1 (LC 50 value of 2.85 µg/mL) and DDWE-1 (LC 50 value of 6.38 µg/mL) showed significant cytotoxic activity. The extracts exhibited weak to good activity against a wide range of human pathogenic microorganisms during anti-microbial activity screening. Preliminary chemical screening by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) indicated the presence of a number of secondary metabolites. Thus, this study explored the potential entophytes from marine weeds of the Bay of Bengal as a producer of leads for drugs.

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Secondary Metabolism and Antimicrobial Metabolites of Penicillium

Cited by 21 publications

References 148 publications

Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Microfungi of Grapes From Small Carpathian Region in Slovakia

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