Secondary metabolism in simulated microgravity and space flight

Gao, Hong; Liu, Zhiheng; Zhang, Lixin

doi:10.1007/s13238-011-1125-z

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, it would be interesting to look into the yield of secondary metabolites produced in the cultures under microgravity and its analog conditions [ 5 ]. Similar to the effects of the conditions on the microbial growth rate, diverse results involved with the yields of secondary metabolites were frequently reported [ 22 , 32 ], which are summarized in Table 3 . A review of these responses is both significant and timely for scientists considering the application of simulated microgravity on the ground to explore the effects of the space microgravity environment on secondary metabolites, many of which are used in human and veterinary medicine (i.e., antibiotics, anti-tumor agents and immunosuppressants) [ 99 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity On Microbiamentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In addition to the microbial growth rate, secondary metabolism was also found to be similarly sensitive to microgravity and simulated microgravity [ 22 , 31 ]. Furthermore, the results of these studies have been mixed, without conclusive assertions and suggestions for future antibiotic production in space environments [ 22 , 32 ]. Thus, nothing conclusive or concrete is known about the effects of microgravity or simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism; thus, this area of research remains open to further exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism

Huang

et al. 2018

Military Med Res

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Spaceflight and ground-based microgravity analog experiments have suggested that microgravity can affect microbial growth and metabolism. Although the effects of microgravity and its analogs on microorganisms have been studied for more than 50 years, plausible conflicting and diverse results have frequently been reported in different experiments, especially regarding microbial growth and secondary metabolism. Until now, only the responses of a few typical microbes to microgravity have been investigated; systematic studies of the genetic and phenotypic responses of these microorganisms to microgravity in space are still insufficient due to technological and logistical hurdles. The use of different test strains and secondary metabolites in these studies appears to have caused diverse and conflicting results. Moreover, subtle changes in the extracellular microenvironments around microbial cells play a key role in the diverse responses of microbial growth and secondary metabolisms. Therefore, “indirect” effects represent a reasonable pathway to explain the occurrence of these phenomena in microorganisms. This review summarizes current knowledge on the changes in microbial growth and secondary metabolism in response to spaceflight and its analogs and discusses the diverse and conflicting results. In addition, recommendations are given for future studies on the effects of microgravity in space on microbial growth and secondary metabolism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40779-018-0162-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Effect Of Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity On Microbiamentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism

Huang

et al. 2018

Military Med Res

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“…Interestingly, the yields of secondary metabolites produced by microbes in space microgravity or its ground analogs have been reported to increase (Lam et al, 1998;2002;Luo et al, 1998), decrease (Fang et al, 1997b,c,) or do not change (Fang et al, 1997a). Studies of microbial secondary metabolism in response to spaceflight and simulated microgravity (SMG) have yielded conflicting results, and no consensus on future antibiotic production in the space environment has been reached (Demain and Fang, 2001;Gao et al, 2011). Collectively, these studies suggest that a microgravity environment may alter microbial secondary metabolism.…”

Section: Microbial Breeding and The Production Of Metabolic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The theory and application of space microbiology: China's experiences in space experiments and beyond

Liu

2016

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryMicroorganisms exhibit high adaptability to extreme environments of outer space via phenotypic and genetic changes. These changes may affect astronauts in the space environment as well as on Earth because mutant microbes will inevitably return with the spacecraft. However, the role and significance of these phenotypic changes and the underlying mechanisms are important unresolved questions in the field of space biology. By reviewing, especially the Chinese studies, we propose a space microbial molecular effect theory, that is, the space environment affects the nature of genes and the molecular structure of microorganisms to produce phenotypic changes. In this review, we discussed three basic theories for the research of space microbiology, including (1) space microbial pathogenicity and virulence mutations and the human mutualism theory; (2) space microbial drug-resistance mutations and metabolism associated with space pharmaceuticals theory; (3) space corrosion, microbial decontamination, and new materials technology theory.

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“…. Space exploration can alter many microbial properties including growth rate (Kacena, Manfredi, & Todd), cell envelope (Zea et al, 2017), and secondary metabolites (Gao, Liu, & Zhang, 2011). We recently also selected space flight-induced Lactobacillus reuteri, which showed enhanced anti-inflammatory property and effectively ameliorated ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats (M. Sun, Hou, et al, 2018;Sun, Zhang, et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro probiotic screening and evaluation of space‐induced mutant Lactobacillus plantarum

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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Probiotics are a group of bacteria that contribute to maintenance or promotion of human health, as they can enhance immune system (Albuquerque-Souza et al., 2019), alleviate food allergies (Irina, Ceuppens, Seys, Petrova, & Sarah, 2018), and prevent irritable bowel syndrome (Ashton, Malwina, & Davinder, 2018). A desirable probiotic has one or more of the following properties: (a) high resistance to low pH and bile salt during digestion (Jia, 2010), (b) strong adherence to the intestinal cells for colonization (Salminen & Isolauri, 2006), and (c) ability to inhibit pathogens (Coman et al., 2020). Seeking probiotics with potent probiotic characteristics is of great interest to food and pharmaceutical industries. To reduce chances of failure in isolation and screening of probiotics from natural sources, physical and chemical mutagenesis using ultraviolet or N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) is an alternative strategy (Chunli & Zhang, 2010; Yeo & Liong, 2012). With rapid development of space technology, mutagenesis during space flight is one newly developed method for microbial modification. In the harsh outer space with microgravity, various cosmic rays, vacuum and extreme temperature (Hemmersbach, 2015), organisms including microorganisms are prone to genetic mutation (Pei, Hu, Chai, &

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Secondary metabolism in simulated microgravity and space flight

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism

Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism

The theory and application of space microbiology: China's experiences in space experiments and beyond

In vitro probiotic screening and evaluation of space‐induced mutant Lactobacillus plantarum

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